基于SSR标记的中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性研究

【目的】分析中国栽培绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和遗传分化，为资源的有效利用、新基因的挖掘和新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】利用40对SSR引物对18个不同地理来源（共272份种质）的绿豆群体进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】共检测到125个等位基因，平均等位基因数（NA）为3.1个，平均有效等位基因数（NE）为1.8个，平均Nei’s基因多样性（H）为0.4233，平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.3497，平均期望杂合度（He）为0.4241，平均Shannon信息指数（I）为0.6754，比较发现，河北、山东和安徽是绿豆资源遗传变异较为丰富的地区；平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.1001，种群内总近交系数（Fis）为0.6759，表明中国绿豆种质间存在一定程度地近交现象；18个参试群体整体水平上的基因流（Nm）值为0.6936，种群间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.2649，遗传变异水平较高；基于Popgene软件的聚类结果可将272份参试个体聚为2大类，将18个参试群体分为3大类，群体间地理来源越近，亲缘关系也越近。【结论】中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性较高；地理生态条件等对绿豆种质资源的遗传变异影响很大；群体间遗传分化较大，但同时也存在一定程度地近交现象。

Genetic Diversity Research of Mungbean Germplasm Resources by SSR Markers in China

【Objective】The purpose of this research was to investigate the genetic diversity, relationship and differentiation of cultivated mungbean germplasm resources in China, and provide useful information on effective utilization of resources, new genes mining and breeding.【Method】The genetic diversity of 18 mungbean groups from different areas was analyzed by using 40 SSR markers.【Result】A total of 125 alleles were identified with an average of 3.1 alleles per locus. The average of effective number of alleles (NE), Nei''s gene diversity (H), polymorphism information content(PIC), expected heterozygosity (He), and Shannon’s information index (I) were 1.8, 0.4233, 0.3497, 0.4241, and 0.6754, respectively. Hebei, Shandong and Anhui provinces had a higher genetic variation than other provinces. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.1001 and the average of inbreeding coefficient among population(Fis) was 0.6759, indicating that a certain degree of inbreeding existed in Chinese mungbean germplasm. The gene flow (Nm= 0.6936) and the average genetic differentiation (Fst= 0.2649) also showed a high genetic variation within Chinese mungbean. A total of 272 individuals were divided into 2 groups and 18 populations were divided into 3 groups based on Popgene software. The genetic distances between groups were agreeable with their geographical origin.【Conclusion】There was a high genetic diversity level within Chinese mungbean germplasm. Geographical environment and ecological factors affect the genetic differentiation among different populations.