香稻品种的遗传多样性研究

 【目的】研究香稻品种的遗传多样性。【方法】利用分布于12条水稻染色体上的60个SSR引物和22个水稻功能基因标记检测了32个香稻品种的遗传多样性。【结果】60对SSR引物共检测出188个等位基因，其中有效等位基因数126个。每对引物等位基因数在2～6之间,平均为3.13个。多态性信息含量（PIC）变幅为0.116～0.744，平均为0.467±0.175。32个品种间的遗传相似系数在0.51～0.96之间，平均为0.697。聚类分析将32个香稻品种在遗传相似系数0.58处分为籼、粳两类，分类结果与品种系谱分析比较吻合。【结论】SSR分子标记在香稻品种遗传多样性分析和育种应用方面具有重要价值。功能基因标记检测表明，部分功能基因在所研究材料中不存在等位变异。而存在等位变异的功能基因标记则表明不同产地来源、不同生态类型的香稻品种具有不同的等位基因。抗稻瘟病基因标记检测出宜香B、香恢1号和丝苗香3个品种同时含有两个抗稻瘟病等位基因，为香稻抗性育种提供了材料基础。

Genetic Diversity of Aromatic Rice Varieties Based on Markers of Functional Genes and SSR

Abstract: Genetic diversity of 32 aromatic rice cultivars were analyzed by 60 SSR primers covered on 12 rice chromosomes. A total of 188 gene locus were detected, among of which 126 gene locus were effective number of alleles. The average number of gene locus per SSR locus was 3.13 with a ranged from 2 to 6. The value of allelic polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.116 to 0.744, on an average, 0.467±0.023 per SSR maker. The average similarities coefficient was 0.697±0.0035 with a ranged from 0.51 to 0.96. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the 32 cultivars could be classified into indica and japonica distinct classes at similarities coefficient 0.58, which was generally coincident with pedigree analysis. The results indicated that SSR markers could be employed in diversity identification for aromatic varieties and in exploration for aromatic rice breeding.