水稻一次性施用控释肥料增产机理探讨

【目的】探讨水稻一次性施用控释肥增产机理。【方法】采用盆栽试验和网箱试验，研究了3种控释肥对土壤速效氮含量、水稻根系生长发育、后期衰老和抗倒伏能力的影响。【结果】与专用肥分次施用处理比较，一次性施用等养分的植物素包膜控释肥（CRF1）、高分子材料包膜尿素复混肥（CRF3）显著提高了土壤速效氮含量，移栽30 d以后平均含量分别高出12.0%和147.9%；明显促进根系生长，根系数量大、分布深广、活力增强；灌浆后期旗叶叶绿素含量分别提高9.5%和15.5%，可溶性蛋白提高89.7%和108.0%，CAT酶活性明显增加；茎基部粗壮，根深指数大，茎根比降低。即使施用低钾含量的磷酸铵镁包膜控释肥CRF2也能促进根系发育、提高根系活力、增强旗叶生理功能。【结论】水稻一次性施用控释肥增产主要机理表现为显著提高了氮素供应水平，明显促进水稻根系生长发育，强化根系吸收养分能力，延缓后期衰老速度，并显著改善了水稻抗倒伏能力。

Studies on the Mechanism of Single Basal Application of Controlled- Release Fertilizers for Increasing Yields of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract: It has illustrated that application of controlled-release fertilizers obviously saved labor power and fertilizers, and significantly increased yield as well for rice production. Pot trials and cylinder trials were carried out in 2002-2005 to study the mechanism of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers for increasing yield of rice (Oryza Sative L.). The trials involved in the following 6 treatments, splitting Nongke rice-specific fertilizer (SNRSF, ck), single basal of Nongke rice-specific fertilizer (BNRSF), single basal of Nongke controlled-release fertilizer (BNCRF), single basal of controlled-release fertilizer with NH4MgPO4 coated (BLCRF), single basal of bulk blend fertilizer with resin coated urea (BCUF), no fertilization (NF). It was observed, that treatments of BLCRF and BNCRF resulted in apparently higher concentrations of soil available N than BCUF, while soil available N of SNRSF fluctuated greatly within 30 days after fertilization. After 30 days of fertilization, there were no significantly differences in soil available N concentrations among the fertilization treatments under rice planting, however, available N concentrations for the 3 treatments of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) were greater than SNRSF without rice planting. In comparison to SNRSF, better nutrition from the CRFs resulted in the following advanced characteristics. (1) CRFs developed larger rice root weights, volumes, total absorption areas and deeper distribution, higher root bleeding intensity, with greater output intensity of amino acids in root bleeding through out all the growth stages. (2) There were higher chlorophyll concent and activity of CAT, but lower POD for the CRFs in the flag leaves after 12 days of flowering, in which dissoluble protein decomposed slower during all filling stages. (3) Application of the CRFs enlarged the base of rice stems, declined the proportion of shoot and root, increased root depth index. These indicated that single basal application of the CRFs should be able significantly to promote development of root system, enhance nutrient uptake, slower senescence speed and strengthen the capacity of lodging resistance.