玉米单倍体胚芽鞘节组织培养特性研究

【目的】研究玉米单倍体胚芽鞘节组织培养特性,为单倍体加倍提供一条新的途径。【方法】以Reid群、黄早四群和温热Ⅰ群群内杂交20个组合的单倍体胚芽鞘节为外植体,分析愈伤组织的诱导率和分化率,并对再生植株根尖染色体数目进行观察和花粉育性分析;同时使用SSR分子标记,分析再生植株的基因型。【结果】Reid群和黄早四群的单倍体芽鞘胚节愈伤组织的诱导率比温热Ⅰ群高,达极显著水平;共获得15株单倍体植株,根尖染色体数目为10;I-KI染色发现,散粉的花药,其花粉为部分可育;15株单倍体植株的遗传稳定,未见变异。【结论】Reid群和黄早四群的单倍体胚芽鞘节组培特性较好,温热Ⅰ群较差;组织培养产生的单倍体植株遗传型均来自双亲的重组类型。建立了玉米单倍体胚芽鞘节组织培养体系。

Tissue Cultural Characterization of Haploid Coleoptilar Node in Maize

【Objective】 The aim of this research is to test and characterize maize haploid plants generated from coleoptilar node by means of tissue culture in order to create a new method to obtain doubled-haploid lines. 【Method】 The haploid coleoptilar nodes of 20 hybrid F1 combinations came from Reid, Huangzaosi and Tem-tropicⅠ group, respectively, were submitted to induction and differentiation frequency test. Both chromosome number of root tip cells and pollen fertility in regenerated plants were analyzed. Forty-seven SSR makers were used to evaluate the genotype of the regenerated haploid plants. 【Result】 The callus induction frequency was significantly higher in Reid and Huangzaosi groups than that of Tem-tropicⅠ group. All the root tip cells from 15 regenerated plants were found to contain only 10 chromosomes, suggesting that they were haploid plants. After colchicines treatment, I-KI staining of the pollen grains in shedding anthers revealed that they partially sterile. Based on SSR makers date, it was noted that all the genotypes of regenerated haploid plants originated from the recombination of their two parents. 【Conclusion】 Reid and Huangzaosi groups were much better than Tem-tropicⅠ group in terms of maize haploid plant generation through tissue culture.