大豆ms1轮回群体品质改良效应与分离特性研究

【目的】针对大豆遗传基础狭窄的问题，研究ms1轮回群体品质改良效果与应用价值。【方法】选择23个适应当地生态类型品种材料，通过对引进的ms1轮回群体进行6年的基因导入与轮回选择，形成了适宜当地生态类型区选择的LD基础群体。利用高蛋白、高油亲本对LD基础群体进行品质改良，进而形成高蛋白（db）和高油（gy）两个亚群体。【结果】改良后的高蛋白（db）亚群体蛋白质含量比基础群体增加1.18%，达到ｔ0.2的显著水平，≥45%的个体占22.38%，高于基础群体10.99%；高油（gy）亚群体平均脂肪含量高于基础群体0.24%，达到ｔ0.4的显著水平，≥20%的个体比基础群体增加11.05%。ms1亚群体的开花期、成熟期、结荚习性、脐色等质量性状的分离范围广，分离比例趋于均衡。分枝数ms1群体变异系数为72.8%，大于常规杂交群体（57.3%），百粒重变异系数为18.1%，大于常规群体（16.5%），其它株高、单株荚数、荚粒数的变异系数没有明显差异。【结论】利用大豆ms1轮回群体进行品质改良的同时，保存了其它性状的分离变异范围与丰富的选择类型，更符合多目标育种的要求。本文还结合ms1亚群体研究实践，讨论了大豆ms1群体育种的方法、关键技术及选择效果。

Study on Quality Improvement Effect and Separate Character of Soybean Male Sterile (ms1) Recurrent Selection Population

In this study we built two sub-population from the LD base population which fit for our ecology type by 6 years’ gene enrichment and recurrent selection. For the db(high protein content) sub-population, the protein content is 1.18% higher than the base population, and the individuals which protein content more than 45% are 22.38%, 10.99% higher than the base population; For the gy(high oil content) sub-population, oil content is 0.24% higher than the base population, and the individuals which oil content more than 20% are 11.05% higher than the base population. In addition, compare the two ms1 sub-population with the segregation population of general crosses on the type of flower date, mature date, pod type, hilum color and hair color etc , the former have wider separation, and has more types. On the other hand, we also discussed the breeding method, key technology and selection effect of soybean Ms1 population.