土壤保持耕作——全球农业可持续发展优先领域

 从农业活动对全球变化以及对农业可持续发展的影响进而导致全球性土壤保持需求的迫切性增加出发,追踪了国外土壤保持耕作领域的研究和发展动态;对中国该领域研究发展现状和研究水平,从时间、深度、方法、生产应用等方面与国外进行了比较分析。中国是一个水土流失和耕地退化严重的农业大国,而从全球统计数字来看,中国土壤保持耕作面积目前仅占全球保持耕作面积的0.2%,仅占全国耕地面积的0.1%, 其现状与中国耕地资源和环境的继续退化以及对土壤保持耕作需求的增加极不相符。加强中国土壤保持耕作系统研究和土壤保持耕作"节能固碳"长期建设不仅对中国而且对全球变化及农业可持续发展具有重大意义。鉴于中国土壤保持耕作领域研究和发展所存在的不足和所面临的更大挑战,以及该领域研究涉及到复杂的农业系统"耕作管理-生物过程-环境变化"相互作用及其系统能流-碳流循环过程,尤其农业生态系统碳汇/源估量尚存在诸多不确定性因素等科学问题,有必要运用综合的系统性研究分析方法,借助国外长期试验和理论研究经验,以及系统模型模拟研究手段等多学科和交叉学科知识,加速提升中国土壤保持耕作领域的科研实力和水平,为实现碳汇/源科学调控管理、减缓农业对温室效应贡献、促进农业可持续发展提供科学依据。

Soil Conservation Tillage--The Highest Priority for Global Sustainable Agriculture

As viewed from the impacts of agricultural activities on global change and on sustainable agriculture, thus causing an increased and urgent demand for global soil conservation tillage, this paper traces soil conservation tillage research progress in the past, the on-going, and the pioneer science studies abroad, and the current research progress in China. It analyzes the disparities in research aspects in China, from research conducted in length, depth, and methods to its application, as compared to others abroad. As China is a big country with severe soil and water losses, and land degradation problems, however, the current area under conservation tillage only accounts for 0.2% of the area worldwide, and only about 0.1% of China's total arable land area, this situation is indeed far from the increased demand of soil conversation due to the continuing increased degradation of land resource and soil quality. Therefore, strengthening research on soil conservation tillage systems, and soil conservation management in a long-term of "energy-saving and carbon-sequestrating" is of great significance not only for China, but also for global change and sustainable development in agriculture. In view of the lagged behind in soil conservation tillage research and development, and the faced challenge in China for catching up with others, and the involved multiple complicated science problems, and uncertainty factors in agro-ecosystems, such as the interaction of "tillage management-biological progress-environmental change", and the processes of energy and carbon flow, especially the special concerns on carbon sink/source uncertainty in agro-ecosystems, it is necessary using integrated system analysis methodologies, by means of long-term field and theoretical experience abroad, and the developed modeling approaches with interdisciplinary knowledge, to enhance research strength and level for improving carbon sink/source management, mitigating agricultural contribution to global warming, and promoting sustainable agriculture.