葡萄霜霉菌糖基水解酶基因的表达模式与功能分析

【目的】克隆葡萄霜霉菌（Plasmopara viticola）糖基水解酶（glycosyl hydrolase,GH）基因（PvGH），分析其特征以及在葡萄霜霉菌侵染葡萄叶片过程中的表达模式，研究其抑制/促进烟草叶片程序性细胞死亡（PCD）以及影响烟草疫霉（Phytophthora nicotianae）侵染的能力，为深入探究调控寄主植物免疫的机制提供理论依据。【方法】以葡萄霜霉菌Pv5-27菌株作为试材，采用RT-PCR方法扩增获得8个PvGH基因全长，并对其基因及编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析；利用酵母信号肽诱捕系统（SST）验证PvGH的分泌活性；利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测葡萄霜霉菌侵染葡萄叶片过程中PvGH的表达模式；同时利用农杆菌介导的PVX病毒表达系统在本氏烟上瞬时表达PvGH效应蛋白，分析其对INF1和BAX触发的烟草PCD的抑制能力以及促进烟草疫霉侵染的能力。【结果】8个PvGH基因序列与通过全基因组预测的序列完全一致，长度为1 092—1 392 bp，分别编码364—464个氨基酸，与其他卵菌同源蛋白相似性高达60.62%—86.36%。8个PvGH均不含跨膜结构...

Expression and Functional Analysis of Glycosyl Hydrolase Genes from Plasmopara viticola

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clone glycosyl hydrolase genes from Plasmopara viticola (PvGHs), analyze their characteristics and expression patterns in infected grape leaves, and the abilities to inhibit or promote programmed cell death (PCD) and affect Phytophthora nicotianae infection in tobacco leaves, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further study on mechanism of regulating host plant immunity.【Method】Eight PvGHs with full-length were amplified by RT-PCR from P. viticola Pv5-27 strain. The sequences of these eight PvGHs and encoded proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics. Yeast signal peptide trap system (SST) was used to verify the secretory activity of the PvGH proteins. The expression pattern of PvGHs during infection grape leaves was detected by qRT-PCR. At the same time, eight PvGH effector proteins were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated PVX virus expression system. Moreover, their inhibitory abilities to inhibit INF1- and BAX-triggered PCD and to promote P. nicotianae infection were also analyzed.【Result】The sequences of eight PvGHs were completely consistent with the prediction in genome sequence, with the length of 1 092 to 1 392 bp, encoding 364-464 amino acids, respectively. The similarity with homologous proteins from other oomycetes was as high as 60.62%-86.36%. None of them had transmembrane domains. Their secondary structures were quite different from each other, and their tertiary structures were less similar to those of other proteins, which showed a very unique tertiary structure. SingalP 5.0 software was used to predict signal peptide of these proteins. It was found that all the PvGH proteins contained signal peptide sequences of 20-26 aa in length. However, the SST verification results showed that PvG09279 and PvG13517 do not have secretion activity. The retention, deletion or replacement of signal peptide sequences of the eight PvGH proteins could inhibit the BAX-triggered PCD and all these PvGH proteins could promote P. nicotianae infection in tobacco leaves. It suggests that the potential virulence of eight PvGH effectors does not dependent on the signal peptide. The up-regulated expression of PvGHs in the early stage of infection of P. viticola further indicated that PvGHs play an important role in the interaction between pathogen and host.【Conclusion】During downy mildew infection, PvGHs secreted by P. viticola are involved in pathogenic process by inhibiting the host PTI response.