膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长及产量的影响

【目的】明确等灌溉量膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】以郑单958为研究对象，于2015—2021年进行田间试验，通过管式水分仪测定窄行、根区和宽行下0—50 cm土层水分含量，研究膜下滴灌与细流沟灌对土壤水分分布状况及其对玉米株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、生物量、产量、水分利用效率等的影响。【结果】膜下滴灌优先补充窄行和根区的土壤水分，而细流沟灌优先补充宽行表层的土壤水分。而玉米耗水主要集中在0—30 cm土层范围内，膜下滴灌的窄行和根区0—30 cm土层水分含量均高于细流沟灌；随着土层深度增加灌溉对土壤含水量的影响减小，40—50 cm土层水分动态受灌溉方式影响较小。膜下滴灌较细流沟灌可显著促进玉米在开花期和成熟期的生长，提高叶面积指数。开花期膜下滴灌玉米的株高和叶面积指数较细流沟灌平均增加4.3%和8.3%，成熟期平均增加4.9%和15.1%。开花期和成熟期玉米总生物量均为膜下滴灌>细流沟灌处理，开花期增加12.2%，成熟期增加11.5%。膜下滴灌处理的玉米干物质转移量、干物质转移率和干物质转移量对籽粒贡献率均显著高于细流沟灌处理，分别增加17...

Effects of Drip Irrigation Under Film and Trickle Furrow Irrigation on Maize Growth and Yield

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drip irrigation and trickle furrow irrigation on maize growth, yield and water use efficiency. 【Method】 Taking Zhengdan 958 as the research object, a field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2021. The soil water content of 0-50 cm under narrow row, root zone and wide row was measured by a tubular moisture meter to study the effects of drip irrigation and trickle furrow irrigation under film on soil water distribution and its effects on maize plant height, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, biomass, yield and water use efficiency.【Result】Drip irrigation under mulch gave priority to supplement soil moisture in narrow row and root zone, while trickle furrow irrigation gave priority to supplement surface moisture in wide row. The water consumption of maize was mainly concentrated in 0-30 cm soil layer, and the soil water content in narrow row and 0-30 cm root zone of drip irrigation under mulch was higher than that of trickle furrow irrigation; with the increase of depth, the effect of irrigation on soil water content decreased, and the 40-50 cm water dynamics was less affected by irrigation methods. Drip irrigation under mulch could significantly promote the growth of maize at flowering and maturation stages, and increase leaf area index compared with trickle furrow irrigation. Compared with trickle irrigation, the plant height and leaf area index of drip irrigation under mulch increased by 4.3% and 8.3% at flowering stage, and increased by 4.9% and 15.1% at maturation stage, respectively. The total biomass of maize at flowering stage and maturation stage was drip irrigation under mulch>trickle furrow irrigation treatment, with an increase of 12.2% at flowering stage, and the maturation stage increased by 11.5%. The amount of dry matter transfer, the rate of dry matter transfer and the contribution rate of dry matter transfer of maize under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under trickle irrigation, with increasing by 17.8%, 3.8% and 3.5% respectively. Drip irrigation under mulch significantly increased maize yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency, with an average yield increase of 14.4%, and irrigation water utilization efficiency increased by 14.6%.【Conclusion】Under the condition of equal irrigation volume, the drip irrigation under mulch could increase the water content in maize root zone, promote the growth of maize, facilitate the accumulation and transportation of dry matter of maize, improve the yield, and achieve water saving and efficiency increasing. Compared with trickle furrow irrigation, the average yield increased by 2 131.68 kg·hm^-2, and the irrigation water use efficiency increased by 8.8%-24.1%. Therefore, the drip irrigation under plastic mulch was a high-yield and efficient irrigation method for maize planting in Northern Xinjiang.