平凉红牛生长性能、胴体及肉质性状分析

【目的】通过研究平凉红牛的生长性能、胴体性状和肉质性状，深入挖掘平凉红牛的肉用特征和遗传特性，为平凉红牛新品种选育提供参考。【方法】试验选取24头平凉红牛阉牛，经强度育肥180 d后屠宰，年龄在24—36月龄，对其体尺、屠宰性能、胴体指数进行测定，并选取其中3头的外脊和大黄瓜条进行肉质测定分析。【结果】经育肥后的成年平凉红牛体重、体高、十字部高、胸围、管围相较于2019年测定的22—28月龄的平凉红牛分别增长6.96%、4.61%、4.43%、4.28%、7.90%，体斜长减少3.52%；胴体重为（417.01±56.94）kg、净肉重为（372.48±54.60）kg、屠宰率为61.56%±1.86%、净肉率为54.92%±2.60%，相较于2010年测定的24月龄平凉红牛数据分别增长12.61%、19.16%、-1.91%、3.82%，肉骨比为8.65±2.00，相较于2012年测定的22—27月龄数据增长27.96%；此外高档肉块重（里脊、外脊、眼肉、上脑）为（51.59±7.92）kg，优质肉块重（臀肉、霖肉、米龙、大黄瓜条、小黄瓜条、辣椒条、肩肉）为（62.62±5.56）k...

Analysis of Growth Performance as well as Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Pingliang Red Cattle

【Objective】By studying the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality traits of Pingliang Red Cattle, the meat characteristics and genetic characteristics of Pingliang Red Cattle were deeply explored, so as to provide a reference for breeding of this cattle.【Method】24 Pingliang Red Cattle steers were slaughtered after intensive felling for 180 days, with the ages from 24 to 36 months. Body size, slaughter performance and carcass index were measured, and the meat quality were analyzed on the Striploin and Outside Flat. 【Result】After fattening, the body weight, body height, hip height, heart girth and cannon bone size of adult Pingliang Red Cattle increased by 6.96%, 4.61%, 4.43%, 4.28% and 7.90%, respectively, compared with 22-28 month old Pingliang Red Cattle tested in 2019, while the body length decreased by 3.52%. In addition, the carcass weight was (417.01±56.94) kg, the lean meat weight was (372.48±54.60) kg, the dressing percentage was 61.56%±1.86% and the lean meat percentage was 54.92%±2.60%, compared with the data of Pingliang Red Cattle at the age of 24 months measured in 2010, they increased by 12.61%, 19.16%, -1.91% and 3.82%, respectively; the ratio of meat to bone was 8.65±2.00, compared with the data of 22-27 months in 2012, with the increase of 27.96%. In addition, the weight of high-grade meat pieces (tenderloin, striploin, ribeye and high rib) was (51.59±7.92) kg, which of high-quality meat pieces (rump, knuckle, topside, outside flat, eyeround (ribeye), chuck tender and shoulder chops) was (62.62±5.56) kg, accounting for 13.91%±1.45% and 17.07±2.24% of the net meat weight, respectively. Pingliang Red Cattle had good growth and meat production performance. In terms of meat quality, the shear force of Striploin and Outside Flat was 2.72 kg and 4.43 kg, respectively, it was 19.58% and 64.82% lower than that of A3 grade snowflake beef, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the crude protein content of Striploin and Outside Flat both reached more than 20%, and which of Pingliang Red Cattle was significantly higher than that of snowflake beef (P<0.05). The EAA/NEAA ratios of Striploin and Outside Flat were 71% and 68%, respectively, which were higher than the FAO/WHO standard value (60%). EAA/TAA ratios of Striploin and Outside Flat were 42% and 41%, respectively, higher than the FAO/WHO standard value (40%). Compared with A3 grade snowflake beef purchased in the market, Pingliang Red Cattle had rich contents of essential amino acids and delicious amino acids. The results showed that the lysine content of Pingliang Red Cattle Striploin and Outside Flat was higher than that of FAO/WHO amino acid scoring standard model; in addition, the selenium element in Outside Flat of Pingliang Red Cattle was extremely significantly higher (P<0.01), the contents of Fe, Zn, PUFA, n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); its EPA content in Striploin was significantly higher(P<0.05).【Conclusion】After cross improvement and breeding, the growth and meat production performance of Pingliang Red Cattle has been significantly improved, with a larger body, wider chest, and compact body size. More prominently, the meat quality of Pingliang Red Cattle had the characteristics of tender and delicious, rich meat taste and high nutritional value. Pingliang Red Cattle had great development and utilization prospect to produce high-quality beef cattle population.