基于线粒体COⅠ基因15个鸡种的DNA编码研究

 【目的】探明地方鸡种与引进鸡种遗传多态性特点,探讨COⅠ这一特定基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码在识别鸡种方面的可行性和有效性。【方法】以13个中国地方鸡种和2个国外引进品种为研究对象,利用DNA测序技术测定了线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（cytochrome c oxidaseⅠ,COⅠ）基因部分序列。【结果】选择的这段COⅠ基因序列有38个突变位点,15个鸡种单倍型多样度平均为0.963,核苷酸多样度平均为0.00518,其中引进鸡种明显低于地方鸡种（除藏鸡外）;15个鸡种品种间Kimura双参数遗传距离为0.056%—0.917%,种内遗传距离为0—0.346%,15个鸡种的DNA分类和形态学分类基本一致,引进鸡种与地方鸡种分歧较远。【结论】利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ（COⅠ）这一特定基因的特定区段来做DNA条形编码的基础,进行不同鸡品种鉴定,具有可行性和有效性。

Studies on the DNA Barcoding of Fifteen Chicken Breeds by mtDNA CO Ⅰ Gene

【Objective】 The aim of the study is to prove up the heredity polymorphism of indigenous chicken breeds and import breeds, and explore the utility of COⅠ gene as DNA barcoding for identifying these chicken breeds.【Method】 The COⅠgene in fifteen chicken breeds was amplified by using PCR and sequencing. 【Result】 The results revealed that the selective sequence of COⅠhad 38 SNPs. The Hd and Pi of fifteen chicken breeds were 0.970 and 0.602%, respectively, and the import breeds were lower than the indigenous chicken breeds (except Zang). Kimura 2-parameter distances among the fifteen chicken breeds were 0.056%-0.917%, and within the chicken breeds were 0-0.346%. DNA taxonomy is consistent with morphological taxonomy among the fifteen chicken breeds. The divergence between import breeds and indigenous chicken breeds was much farther.【Conclusion】 The phylogenetic relationships of the breeds can be well resolved by COⅠ gene sequences. It is feasible and effective to identify chicken breeds using DNA barcodes of COⅠ gene.