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人工接种测定水稻干尖线虫在水稻上的病害发展动态
引用本文:刘维红,林茂松,李红梅,孙敏洁.人工接种测定水稻干尖线虫在水稻上的病害发展动态[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(12):2734-2740.
作者姓名:刘维红  林茂松  李红梅  孙敏洁
作者单位:南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京,210095
基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)
摘    要: 【目的】探讨近年来江苏水稻生产上的重要病害水稻—“小穗头”和水稻干尖线虫间的相互关系。【方法】在水稻“小穗头”上分离出干尖线虫,经人工培养,在温室中接种到镇稻2号和武运粳7号的芽鞘部和叶鞘部,通过测定发病程度,稻谷饱满度,谷粒中线虫虫量和线虫死亡率等指标来确定对“小穗头”形成以及对水稻生长发育的影响。【结果】 镇稻2号“小穗头”与健康稻穗相比水稻株高下降6.7%、稻穗长度减少16.4%、稻谷粒数下降13.5%。在开花期之前,线虫主要分布于叶鞘部和生长点周围,虫量增加40%;花期后,线虫主要分布于稻穗上并且虫量增幅达90.8%。饱粒种子中带虫率、线虫虫量最高,空粒种子则最低。线虫死亡率在胚乳发育正常的种子中要比胚乳发育不正常的种子低。【结论】水稻干尖线虫是造成水稻“小穗头”症状的病原。武运粳7号仅表现“小穗头”而无叶片干尖症状,说明该现象是干尖线虫在水稻上呈现的新症状。

关 键 词:水稻干尖线虫  “小穗头”  线虫分布  种子饱满度  线虫死亡率
收稿时间:2006-11-8
修稿时间:2006年11月7日

Study on Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculations in Greenhouse
LIU Wei-hong,LIN Mao-song,LI Hong-mei,SUN Min-jie.Study on Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculations in Greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(12):2734-2740.
Authors:LIU Wei-hong  LIN Mao-song  LI Hong-mei  SUN Min-jie
Abstract:【OBJECTIVE】 In order to investigate the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptom of small grains and erect panicles, which was an important rice disease in jiangsu province. 【METHOD】Greenhouse experiments were designed by inoculating different numbers of Aphelenchoides besseyi on seedling bud and vagina of two Oryza sativa cultivars Zhendao No.2 and Wuyunjing No.7. The effect of small grains and erect panicles to rice growth was revealed through observing the disease development, seed expansion stages, the number of nematodes loaded in grains and nematode mortality caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi. 【RESULTS】The height, length and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao No.2 were decreased 6.7%, 16.4%, 13.5% respectively compared to healthy one. The distribution of nematode reproduction on rice was demonstrated that the percentage of infested seed and the number of nematode loaded were highest in normal expansion seeds with well developed endosperm, while lowest in empty seeds. The mortality of nematodes on grain was declined as the number of nematode loaded was rising, retaining lower level in plump seeds. 【CONCLUSION】Results indicated that Aphelenchoides besseyi was the pathogen of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing No.7 just manifested small grains and erect panicles without the symptom of white-tip leaves. This phenomenon showed that the symptom of small grains and erect panicles was the new symptom of disease caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi on rice.
Keywords:Aphelenchoides besseyi  Small grains and erect panicles  Nematode distribution  Seed expansion  Nematode mortality
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