促进堆肥二次发酵真菌在堆肥中的应用效果

【目的】二次发酵是实现鸡粪等养殖废弃物功能价值提高的关键阶段,本研究旨在将前期筛选得到的真菌应用于鸡粪堆肥的二次发酵阶段,探讨其促进二次发酵的效果并对其进行鉴定,为今后鸡粪的高值化与资源化利用提供理论依据和支撑。【方法】以鸡粪一次发酵产物为原料,添加实验室前期筛选的2株真菌（分别为FCM1和FCM3）进行二次发酵试验。共设置3个处理,分别为对照CK：原料中加入1%（体积L∶干物质量kg）无菌液体培养基;F1：原料中加入1% FCM1菌液;F3：原料中加入1% FCM3菌液。在二次发酵的不同时期,分析测定堆体温度、pH、电导率（EC）、铵态氮、硝态氮、种子发芽指数以及腐殖酸等指标。【结果】与对照相比,添加真菌主要促进了二次发酵阶段快速升温和腐殖化过程快速进行。与未接菌处理相比,真菌FCM3使堆料提前8 d进入升温期,真菌FCM1效果不佳,且在一定程度上延后了鸡粪堆肥的二次发酵。F3处理高温阶段（>50℃）持续了13 d,堆料的GI比对照处理提前25 d达到80%,且腐殖化程度较高（PHA=74.58%,PHA：胡敏酸/总腐殖酸）。相关分析表明,GI与pH、PHA显著正相关,与EC显著负相关。经形态和ITS rDNA测序等方法鉴定,FCM3为链格孢菌。【结论】真菌FCM3能够在一定程度上促进鸡粪堆肥二次发酵的进行,提高堆料的腐殖化程度。

Application Effect of Fungi Promoting Secondary Fermentation in Composting

【Objective】Secondary fermentation is indispensable to improve the functional value of chicken manure or other breeding wastes. This study applied the screened fungi in the secondary fermentation stage of chicken manure composting to explore the effect of the fungi on promoting the secondary fermentation, and the fungi were identified, so as to provide the theoretical basis and support for the high value and resource utilization of chicken manure. 【Method】The products of chicken manure after primary fermentation were used as raw materials, and two strains of fungi ( FCM1 and FCM3 ) were previously screened in the laboratory and were added before secondary fermentation. Three treatments were set up, including raw materials mixed with 1% (V:W,L·kg^-1) sterile liquid medium (CK), raw materials mixed with 1% liquid medium containing FCM1 (F1), and raw materials mixed with 1% liquid medium containing FCM3 (F3), and some indexes were detected, including temperature, pH, electroconductibility (EC), ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, GI and humic acid in different secondary fermentation stages. 【Result】Compared with CK, the addition of fungi could promote the temperature rise and humification process during the secondary fermentation stage. Compared with the CK, F3 treatment reached the mesophilic period 8 days earlier, but F1 treatment delayed the second fermentation of chicken manure composting. As for F3 treatment, the thermophilic stage (>50℃) lasted 13 days, GI reached 80% at 25 days earlier than that under CK, and the humification degree was relatively higher (PHA=74.58%, PHA: the ratio of humin and total humus). The correlation analysis showed that GI had significant positive correlation with pH and PHA, and negative correlation with EC. In addition, FCM3 was identified as Alternaria sp. by morphology and ITS rDNA sequencing. 【Conclusion】A strain of fungus FCM3 could promote the secondary fermentation of chicken manure composting, and improve the humification of composting materials, which was of great significance to promote the high value utilization of chicken manure.