不同牡丹品种开花期间花瓣花青素和类黄酮组成的动态变化

【目的】牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）是中国传统名花之一,花色丰富,品种多样,通过测定不同花色品种在花朵开放期间花瓣花青素苷、类黄酮苷的种类和含量,并分析其动态变化规律,为牡丹花色的呈色机理及不同花色育种提供参考。【方法】选择5种不同花色的牡丹品种为试验材料,采集蕾期（S1）、露色期（S2）、盛开期（S3）和衰败期（S4）等4个不同时期的花瓣,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对其花青素苷和类黄酮苷进行定性定量分析,比较不同花色品种之间的差异。【结果】检测到6种花青素苷和12种类黄酮苷。其中,紫色品种‘洛阳红’检测到的花青素苷种类最多,花瓣中共检测到4种花青素苷,而白色品种‘白雪塔’中未检测到花青素苷;在检测出的12种类黄酮苷中,芹菜素5-葡萄糖苷（7.18%—58.46%）、芹菜素己糖葡萄糖苷（1.44%—43.72%）和山奈酚3,7-葡萄糖苷（2.83%—43.44%）的相对含量明显高于其他物质。6种花青素苷在花朵开放期间不断积累,从蕾期（S1）至衰败期（S4）,花青素总含量不断增加,其中在盛开期（S3）总含量显著增加,在S4时期达到最高值。类黄酮物质总含量在花朵开放与衰老期间呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但不同品种的变化趋势差异明显。‘洛阳红’的类黄酮总含量在衰败期（S4）达到最大值（752.93±48.10）μg?g^-1 FW,‘赵粉’在盛开期（S3）达到最大值（603.81±6.30）μg?g^-1 FW,‘白雪塔’在露色期（S2）达到最大值（673.45±9.96）μg?g^-1 FW,‘迎日红’和‘粉荷’均在蕾期（S1）达到最大值,其含量分别为（525.88±22.38）μg?g^-1 FW和（740.56±16.08）μg?g^-1 FW。【结论】不同颜色的牡丹品种中花青素苷和类黄酮苷差异较为显著,紫色品种花青素苷含量较高,白色品种几乎不含有花青素苷。花青素苷在花朵开放过程中不断积累,而类黄酮苷存在先积累后降解的变化趋势。

Anthocyanins and Flavonoids Accumulation Forms of Five Different Color Tree Peony Cultivars at Blooming Stages

【Objective】Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), one of the famous traditional flowers in China, is rich in flower colors and varieties. The composition content and structure of anthocyanins and flavonoids in different color cultivars and these dynamic changes at different blooming stages were studied, in order to lay a foundation for further investigation of the floral pigment mechanism and molecular breeding of tree peony.【Method】 Five different color cultivars of tree peony were chosen as materials. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in those petals of flowers at four different blooming stages, such as bud stage (S1), initial blooming stage (S2), blooming stage (S3) and wither stage (S4), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometric (LC-MS) detectors. Then, the difference of anthocyanins and flavonoids among these five cultivars was analyzed, and the regulation of changing density was summarized.【Result】In total, 6 anthocyanins and 12 flavonoids were described. However, the compounds were distributed different among different cultivars. The purple cultivar, Luoyanghong, had four anthocyanins, and the white cultivar of Baixuetai had no anthocyanin. Among the 12 flavonoids, the relative contents of apigenin-5-glucoside (7.18%-58.46%), apigenin hexo-glucoside (1.44%-43.72%) and kaempferol-3,7-glucoside (2.83%-43.44%) were higher than other compounds. In addition, the significant changes were observed among the five cultivars. During the blooming periods, the total anthocyanin content were constantly accumulated and dramatically increased at S3, then reached the highest at S4. However, the total content of flavonoids was increased firstly and then decreased. It should be noted that the variation trend of different varieties was obviously different. The flavonoids contents of Luoyanghong showed the highest value at S4 ((752.93±48.10) μg?g^-1 FW), and Zhaofen showed the highest value at S3 ((603.81±6.30) μg?g^-1 FW). Baixueta reached the highest value ((673.45±9.96) μg?g^-1 FW) at S2. But the other two cultivars, Yingrihong and Fenhe, reached the highest flavonoids content value at S1, with (525.88±22.38) μg?g^-1 FW and (740.56±16.08) μg?g^-1 FW, respectively.【Conclusion】The anthocyanins and flavonoids content were significantly different among different color cultivars. The purple cultivar always showed higher anthocyanins contents than other varieties. And the white cultivar almost did not detect any anthocyanin, relatively. What’s more, the anthocyanins were constantly accumulated during flower blooming stage, meanwhile, the flavonoids were increased first and then gradually degraded after flower opening.