243份云南普通小麦地方品种抗条锈病鉴定及分子标记检测

【目的】小麦条锈病由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型（Puccinia striiformis. f. sp. tritici,Pst）引起的气传性真菌病害,是世界范围内最具破坏性的小麦病害之一。发掘抗病资源和培育抗病品种是防治条锈病最经济有效的措施。通过鉴定和评价云南小麦地方品种对中国当前流行的条锈菌生理小种的抗性水平,综合分析可能携带的抗条锈病基因,为小麦抗病育种提供理论依据。【方法】利用当前中国小麦生产上毒性强、流行频率高的条锈菌生理小种CYR32和CYR34对243份云南小麦地方品种进行苗期抗病性鉴定,成株期使用CYR32、CYR33、CYR34和贵农致病类群等混合生理小种进行抗性鉴定,并利用小麦生产上重要抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67、Yr80和Yr81的紧密连锁标记对供试材料进行分子检测。【结果】在243份小麦材料中,18份种质对CYR32表现苗期抗性,32份种质对CYR34表现苗期抗性,对CYR32和CYR34均表现苗期抗病的有8份,占3.29%。结合苗期和成株期抗性鉴定,174份地方种质表现为稳定的成株期抗性,占71.6%,其中105份种质高抗条锈病。分子检测结果显示,携带Yr10、Yr18、Yr29、Yr30、Yr65和Yr81抗性基因的材料分别有48、44、4、6、4和101份。同时携带2、3和4个抗性基因的材料各有34、4和1份。所有供试材料均未检测到Yr5、Yr15、Yr26、Yr28、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr67和Yr80。此外,74份地方种质未检测到以上所有抗性基因,其中58份具有成株期抗性,可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。【结论】云南小麦地方品种作为中国特有的小麦种质资源,具有优良的条锈病抗性。243份供试小麦品种对当前条锈菌流行小种抗性水平整体偏高,筛选得到174份具有稳定抗性的地方种质,同时有74份可能携带其他已知或未知的抗性基因,可作为进一步挖掘抗条锈病新基因或QTL的亲本来源。

Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust and Molecular Detection of Resistance Gene(s) in 243 Common Wheat Landraces from the Yunnan Province

【Objective】As one of the most destructive wheat diseases in the world, stripe rust is an airborne fungal disease caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis. f. sp. Tritici, (Pst). Breeding resistant cultivars by exploiting resistant genetic resources is the most economical and effective strategy to combat the rusts. To provide theoretical basis for the management of wheat stripe rust by identifying and evaluating the resistance level of Yunnan wheat landraces to the current predominant races of the pathogen, and synthetically screened resistance genes that may be carried in the tested materials. 【Method】In this study, 243 wheat landraces originated from Yunnan were inoculated with two highly toxic and prevalent stripe rust races CYR32 and CYR34 at seedling stage. At the adult plant stage of wheat, the mixture of the current predominant races of CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, and Guinong Pathogenic group was used as the inoculums to test the resistance of the tested wheat. The wheat landraces were screened with the molecular markers closely linked to known stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr36, Yr39, Yr41, Yr48, Yr65, Yr67, Yr80, and Yr81.【Result】The results showed that the 243 of the tested wheat materials, of which 18 were resistant to CYR32, 32 resistant to CYR34, and only 8 (3.29%) were resistant to both races at the seedling stage. Based on identification results of the seedling stage and the adult plant stage, 174 (71.6%) exhibited adult plant resistance, of which 105 were high resistance to stripe rust. The results of molecular detection indicated that 48, 44, 4, 6, 4, and 101 out of the 243 tested wheat materials carried the resistance genes Yr10, Yr18, Yr29, Yr30, Yr65, and Yr81, respectively. There were 34, 4 and, 1 simultaneously carrying 2, 3, and 4 resistance genes, respectively. Yr5, Yr15, Yr26, Yr28, Yr36, Yr39, Yr41, Yr48, Yr67, and Yr80 were not detectable in all of the wheat landraces. In addition, 74 landraces not detected any of the 16 resistance genes mentioned the above, and 58 exhibited adult plant resistance, which, presumably, may carry other known or new resistance genes to wheat stripe rust.【Conclusion】As a special wheat germplasm resource in China, Yunnan wheat landraces have excellent resistance to stripe rust. This study determined that resistance of the 243 tested wheat landraces to the current predominant races of the pathogen was high on the whole, and 174 wheat landraces with stable resistance were identified. Among them, 74 lines might carry other known or new resistance genes to wheat stripe rust, which could be used as parents’ sources for further exploration of new stripe rust resistance genes or QTL.