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超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究
引用本文:敖和军,王淑红,邹应斌,彭少兵,唐启源,方远祥,肖安民,陈玉梅,熊昌明.超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1927-1936.
作者姓名:敖和军  王淑红  邹应斌  彭少兵  唐启源  方远祥  肖安民  陈玉梅  熊昌明
作者单位:湖南农业大学农学院
基金项目:湖南省超级杂交稻三定栽培技术研究项目 , 农业部超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成项目
摘    要: 【目的】探明超级杂交稻在不同种植地点和不同施肥量条件下的产量表现及干物质生产特点。【方法】于2004~2005年在湖南省桂东、长沙、衡阳、南县和永州5个地点进行大田试验,按照N﹕P2O5﹕K2O为1﹕0.5﹕1的比例,设置3种施肥量处理(135、180、225 kg N?ha-1),田间采用随机区组排列,4次重复,以超级杂交稻组合准两优527和两优293为试验材料。【结果】超级杂交稻收获产量以桂东点产量最高,地点间差异显著,其中准两优527平均为7 492.3~12 209.2 kg?ha-1,两优293为6 984.0~11 679.5 kg?ha-1。产量构成因子和干物质生产量的地点间变化与收获产量一致,但在同一地点的不同施肥量处理间收获产量和干物质生产量差异均不显著。收获产量与单位面积穗数、结实率和千粒重表现为正相关,而与每穗粒数表现为负相关。【结论】超级杂交稻存在适宜的种植区域,且在施肥量为135~225 kg N?ha-1的范围内,施肥量不是超高产栽培的限制因子。超级杂交稻的库容量大,提高结实率和粒重是获得超高产的可能途径。

关 键 词:超级杂交稻  产量稳定性  干物质生产  肥料用量
收稿时间:2007-7-13

Study on Yield Stability and Dry Matter Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice
AO He-jun,WANG Shu-hong,ZOU Ving-bin,PENG Shao-bing,TANG Qi-yuan,FANG Yuan-xiang,XIAO An-min,CHEN Yu-mei,XIONG Chang-ming.Study on Yield Stability and Dry Matter Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):1927-1936.
Authors:AO He-jun  WANG Shu-hong  ZOU Ving-bin  PENG Shao-bing  TANG Qi-yuan  FANG Yuan-xiang  XIAO An-min  CHEN Yu-mei  XIONG Chang-ming
Abstract:Objective] The yield performance, the growth characteristics and the ecological adaptability of super hybrid rice were ascertained under different fertilizer application conditions in different tested sites. Method] Field experiments with three fertilizer rate treatments (135, 180, 225 kg N/hm2) and two combinations (Zhunliangyou-527 and Liangyou-293) were conducted in ChangSha, GuiDong, HengYang, NanXian and YongZhou of Hunan province in 2004 and 2005. Results] The significant differences of the dry matter accumulation, the harvest yield and its components were founded among the five tested sites and between two years, but no significant differences were founded among three fertilizer rate treatments. The yield components of super hybrid rice performed multifarious properties, of which the harvest yield showed the significantly positive correlations with the productive panicles, the grain filling percentage and 1000 grains weight, and the significantly negative correlation with grain number per panicle and no correlation with spikelet number per unit area. Conclusion] The harvest yield of super hybrid rice was mainly influenced by the temperature and sunshine conditions of the tested sites and years. The fertilizer rate in the range from 135 kg N/hm2 to 225 kg N/hm2 was not the factor of harvest yield limited. And to increase panicle number was the possible path to increase harvest yield.
Keywords:Super hybrid rice  Yield  Dry matter production  Fertilizer rate
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