土壤镉锌复合污染的植物效应与有机肥的调控作用

 研究了土壤镉、锌及其复合污染对小麦生长与籽粒产量的影响及猪厩肥调控作用 ,采用三因素三水平完全随机设计方案 ,模拟不同污染水平与有机 (猪厩 )肥施用水平 ,利用北京浅色草甸褐土进行盆栽试验。试验结果表明 ,10mg/kgCd处理对小麦苗期生长有一定的刺激作用 ,而单一处理的 10 0mg/kgCd、5 0 0mg/kgZn和 10 0 0mg/kgZn均对小麦苗期生长产生了毒害效应 ,且随着污染浓度的提高 ,毒害加重。Cd、Zn复合污染处理对小麦苗期生长毒害效应均大于Cd、Zn同水平单元素处理。加入猪厩肥 2 0 0g/盆、4 0 0g/盆明显抑制了Cd、Zn单一及其复合污染对小麦苗期生长发育的毒害 ,使幼苗生长趋于正常 ,且后者效果优于前者。当土壤中外源Cd、Zn分别为 10、5 0 0mg/kg单一污染时 ,显著降低了小麦籽粒产量 ,并随其浓度的提高 ,籽粒产量减少。Cd Zn复合污染对小麦籽粒产量影响的交互效应主要为拮抗作用 ,在高浓度复合污染 (M0Zn10 0 0Cd10 0 )时则表现为协同效应。Cd Zn复合污染对小麦籽粒的危害效应大于同水平的单元素污染的效应 ,因此必须重视复合污染的危害。而在Cd、Zn及其复合污染土壤上施用猪厩肥能减轻污染元素对小麦的毒害 ,极显著提高小麦籽粒产量。

Plant Effects of Cd and Zn Combined Pollution and Adjustment of Organic Manure

The effects of Cd,Zn and their combined pollution on growth and grain yield of spring wheat and adjustment of pig manure were studied with the completely random design(3 factors and 3 levels)by a pot experiment using light meadow cinnamon in Beijing. The main results were as follows:10mg/kg Cd stimulated wheat seedling growth, 100mg/kg Cd, 500 mg/kg Zn and 1000 mg/kg Zn respectively had toxic effect on wheat seedling growth. Toxic effect of Cd and Zn combined pollution were higher respectively than that of Cd or Zn single pollution at the same levels. Using pig manure at the rates of 200g/pot and 400g/pot significantly decreased the toxic effect on the seedling growth in the soil by Cd, Zn singly and combined pollution, improved quite healthy seedlings. The improvement function by using pig manure 400g/pot were higher than 200g/pot. The grain yield of wheat decreased when added Cd and Zn up to 10mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively in the soil. The poisonous effect of Cd Zn combined pollution on the grain yield was more than that of single element pollution at same levels. The interaction effect of Cd Zn combined pollution on grain yield of wheat mainly displayed antagonism, and synergism at high level of combined pollution(M0Zn1000Cd100). Applying organic manure could inhibit the toxic effect of every type of pollution on plant growth and significantly increased the grain and straw yield.