利用药用植物源土壤添加物控制草莓再植病害的研究

 针对草莓再植病害3种主要病原菌Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae筛选了125种药用植物腐解物提取液抑菌活性, 丁香（Eugenia caryophyllata）、川芎（Ligusticum sinence）、百部（Stemona japonica）、五倍子（Rhus chinensi）和苦参（Sophora flavescens） 5种药用植物材料分别对3种病原真菌有较强的抑制作用；对这5种材料及其组合的盆栽、日光温室小区试验表明，盆栽试验中，在连作土壤中加入5种材料或其不同组合后，草莓生长发育状况得到改善，产量提高。在现蕾期，11个处理病情指数明显低于对照，其中9个处理单株产量比对照明显增加。在日光温室小区试验中，土壤中添加药用植物材料的5个处理与对照相比，草莓生长发育状况明显改善，现蕾期病情指数比连作对照低13.9～39.5、死苗率降低了22.4%～33.2%，产量提高了32.6%～33.8%。根据防病、增产效果以及药用植物本身的成本，认为川芎和苦参的等量混合物有望用于草莓再植病害的防治。

Management of Strawberry (Fragria ananassa Duch) Replanting Problem by Soil Amendments of Medicinal Herbs

Replanting problem is serious for the sustainable production of strawberry under continuous cropping. Extracts from 125 species of medicinal plant materials were screened against pathogens of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae that caused strawberry replanting problem in agar plates. Among them, 5 plants of Eugenia caryophyllata, Ligusticum sinence, Stemona japonica, Rhus chinensi and Sophora flavescens significantly inhibited the growth of the pathogens. Single or combinations of these 5 medicinal herds were evaluated for control strawberry replanting problem in pot trials and greenhouse. Results showed that five herbs significantly enhanced strawberry growth, reduced disease index and increased the yield compared with untreated control in pot trial. Four herbs significantly promoted growth of strawberry seedlings, disease index decreased by 13.9-39.5 and death rate of 22.4%-33.2%, increased the yield by 32.6%-33.8% compared with non-herb treatment in greenhouse trials. Based on the cost, disease control efficacy and yield promotion, the equal mixture of Ligusticum sinence and Sophora flavescens was suggested to application in the management of strawberry replanting problem in China.