小麦优良种质资源高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

【目的】分析近期育成的、具有一个或多个突出农艺性状的186份优良小麦种质资源的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成和1B/1R异位分布情况，为广泛有效地利用这些新种质提供有用信息。【方法】采用SDS-PAGE方法对优良种质资源的HMW-GS组成进行了分析，并对麦谷蛋白亚基进行品质评分；同时用黑麦1RS上特有的醇溶蛋白标记对上述材料进行1B/1R易位检测。【结果】供试材料在编码HMW-GS位点上具有较大的变异，共发现16个等位变异，形成30种HMW-GS组合形式。在Glu-1的3个位点具有2个及2个以上优质亚基的材料占38.7%（72份），其中烘拷品质评分为10分且具有高产、矮秆、抗病、抗逆等一个或多个突出农艺性状的新种质13份。携带有1B/1R易位的材料为68份，占供试材料的36.6%。【结论】这些结合有优异性状的优质材料将是中国小麦遗传育种的宝贵优质源。

High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition of Chinese Wheat Germplasm

Objective The objective of the present study was to characterize the high molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) compositions and the presence of 1B/1R translocation of newly developed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. The germplasm has one or more traits that are useful in wheat improvement.Method Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) were used to detect HMW-GS compositions and the presence of 1B/1R wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome translocation in the wheat germplasm, respectively. Bread-making quality scores of these lines were determined. ResultA high level of variations in HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus were observed. Sixteen major HMW-GS, with 30 combinations, were detected. The percentage of cultivars with more than two desirable subunits were 38.7%. Thirteen cultivars had bread-making quality scores of 10 in combination with one or two desirable agronomical traits, such as high yield potential, dwarfing stem, resistance to diseases and/or tolerant abiotic stress. Sixty eight (36.6%) cultivars possessed 1B/1R translocation. Conclusion The newly developed germplasm with HMW-GS for good quality may be a promising resource for improving the bread-making quality of wheat.