不同覆盖方式对渭北旱作苹果园土壤贮水的影响

【目的】揭示不同覆盖方式对渭北旱作苹果园土壤贮水的影响,为该区域改进果园土壤水分管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】通过田间小区定位观测,对比分析秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、生草覆盖及裸地处理果园土壤孔隙度、土壤贮水库容及土壤贮水量等性状。【结果】秸秆覆盖明显提高了土壤孔隙度、土壤贮水库容及贮水量。覆盖3年后,各处理0—60cm土层平均土壤孔隙度大小为秸秆覆盖生草覆盖裸地地膜覆盖,地膜覆盖降低了土壤孔隙度;在0—60cm土层,秸秆覆盖处理土壤饱和贮水量、吸持贮水量及滞留贮水量分别较裸地及地膜覆盖高2.18、0.84、1.34mm及2.52、1.15、1.36mm,生草处理土壤饱和贮水量、吸持贮水量及滞留贮水量分别较裸地及地膜覆盖高2.01、0.69、1.34mm及2.32、1.00、1.34mm;秸秆覆盖明显提高了5月份、10月份1m土层内土壤贮水量,5月份秸秆覆盖处理1m土层内土壤贮水量较裸地高48.85mm,10月份高47.36mm,生草处理在5月份土壤贮水量最低,较裸地低31.71mm,而在10月份与裸地贮水量相当。【结论】在渭北旱作苹果园采用秸秆覆盖能起到较好的土壤保蓄水作用,土壤贮水量增加明显。

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Soil Water-Holding Capacity of Non-Irrigated Apple Orchard in the Weibei Plateau

Objective] The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of different mulching patterns on soil water-holding capacity of apple orchard in the Weibei Plateau, and to provide a scientific basis for orchard soil and water management. Method] The effects of straw mulching, film mulching, sod mulching on soil porosity and soil water-holding capacity of non-irrigated apple orchard within 100 cm soil layer were studied by soil moisture measurement in the orchard. Result ] Straw mulching enhanced soil porosity and increased the soil water-holding capacity within 60 cm soil layer, and atfter three years later of mulching, the average soil porosity in 0-60 cm layer of treatments was straw mulching＞ sod mulching＞no mulching> film mulching. The treatment of film mulching decreased soil porosity. The soil saturated water content, soil absorbed water content and soil retained water content in straw mulching treatment within 60 cm increased by 2.18 mm, 0.84 ram, and 1.34 ram compared to no mulching, increased by 2.52 mm, 1.15 mm, and 1.36 mm compared to film mulching, The soil saturated water content, soil absorbed water content and soil retained water content in sod mulching treatment within 60 em increased by 2.01 mm, 0.69 mm, and 1.32 mm compared to no mulching, increased by 2.35 mm, 1.00 mm, and 1.34 mm compared to film mulching; Straw mulching increased soil water-holding capacity within 100 cm effectively in May and September. In May, straw mulching soil water-holding capacity within 100 cm increased by 48.85 mm compared to no mulching and increased by 31.71 cm in September. Sod mulching soil water-holding capacity was the lowest in all treatments in May, decreased by 31.71 mm compared to no mulching and there was no significant difference between sod mulching and no mulching in September. Conclusion] In the apple production base of Weibei Plateau, the use of straw mulching technology can play a better role in the preservation of soil moisture, and the soil water-holding capacity within 100 em increased significantly.