模拟降雨量下沟垄微型集雨种植玉米的水温效应

 【目的】探明沟垄微型集雨种植（垄体覆膜沟内种植）适宜的降雨量范围，为确定合理的微型集雨种植模式提供科学依据。【方法】在夏玉米生长期，人工模拟大、中、小3种降雨量（440、340和230 mm），定期测定传统平作（T1）和沟垄微型集雨种植（T2）条件下土壤水分和耕层地温，并分析了农田水分利用效率（water use efficiency，WUE）。【结果】在玉米全生育期230、340和440 mm降雨量下，沟垄微型集雨种植农田200 cm土层平均储水量分别较平作（平作不起垄不覆膜）增加了2.3％、5.2％和4.5％，耕层0～5 cm平均地温分别增加了1.2、1.1和1.0℃。在全生育期230 mm和340 mm雨量下，WUE 较平作分别增加7 kg•ha-1•mm-1和3.1 kg•ha-1•mm-1，提高了61.24％和26.90％；当全生育期降雨量为440 mm时，沟垄微型集雨种植和平作的WUE分别为16.55 kg•ha-1•mm-1和17.46 kg•ha-1•mm-1，差异不显著。【结论】在夏玉米生育期降雨量为230 mm到340 mm雨量范围，沟垄微型集雨种植能明显改善玉米的水温条件，提高WUE。

Effect of Com(Zea mays L.)Water and Temperature of Ridge and Furrow Planting of Rainfall Harvesting Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions

【Objective】 It can provide scientific basis for proper regime of ridge and furrow planting of rainfall harvesting (RFPRH) that towardly rainfall of RFPRH is elucidated.【Method】We studied the effect of RFPRH in different stimulated rainfall on summer corn (Zea mays L.) soil moisture and temperature, and analyzed the water use efficiency (WUE) in field.【Result】The result showed that in different rainfall (230 mm, 340 mm and 440 mm), the average soil moisture of 200 cm soil layer in RFPRH was higher by 2.3%, 5.2% and 4.5% respectively than the bare flat (control) during the whole growth and development period. And the soil temperature in 0~5cm soil layer increased by 1.2, 1.1 and 1.0 ℃ respectively. The determination of WUE for the whole growth and development period indicated that compared with control, the WUE of RFPRH under 230 mm and 340 mm rainfall increased by 7 kg•hm-2•mm-1 and 3.1 kg•hm-2, i.e., 61.24% and 26.90%, respectively. However, under 440 mm rainfall of the whole growth and development period, the WUE of RFPRH and control was respectively 16.55 kg•hm-2•mm-1 and 17.46 kg•hm-2•mm-1. There was no significant difference between them, and the WUE of RFPRH decreased.【Conclusion】As the precipitation is between 230 mm and 340 mm, RFPRH can ameliorate the condition of soil moisture and temperature as well as raise WUE during the whole growth and development period of summer corn.