小麦核不育的遗传研究和雄性不育遗传模式的建立

 综述了多年对小麦雄性不育研究的进展。太谷核不育小麦是显性雄性不育材料，它的显性不育基因Ms2位于4D染色体短臂上，距离着丝点31.16cM。以矮变1号小麦为标记性状供体，经大群体筛选和细胞学研究，研制出具有矮秆基因标记的显性核不育材料—矮败小麦。在矮败小麦中，矮秆基因Rht10与雄性不育基因Ms2在4D染色体短臂上连锁十分紧密，交换率仅为0.18%。该两基因的连锁片段已转移到中国春小麦ph1b突变体和八倍体小黑麦中。发现一套基因控制的雌雄性都不育的小麦遗传种质和双隐性基因控制的小麦核不育材料。综合分析已发现的核不育材料，提出植物基因互作型显性核不育材料起源假说；经遗传分析和数学推导，建立植物隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代育性遗传模式。

Genetic Studies on Wheat Genic Male Sterility and Inheritance Mode of Male Sterility in Plant

Advance in the genetic study on male sterility in plant was reviewed. A dominant gene Ms2(Ta1) for male sterility, which has a recombination percentage of 31.16 with the centromere, is located on the short arm of chromosome 4D in Taigu wheat. Dwarfing male sterile wheat is a dwarf marked male sterile material, carrying the gene Ms2 for male sterility and dominant dwarf gene Rht10. The two genes, Ms2 and Rht10, are closely linked with a crossingover value as small as 0.18. The linkage character of genes Ms2 and Rht10 was transferred to CS ph1b mutant and octoploid triticale. A femalemale sterility controlled by a set of genes and a male sterility carrying double recessive genes were discovered in wheat. The hypothesis of the origin of the male sterile form for gene interaction was proposed. A inheritance mode of fertility in sibmating of recessive genic male sterile material in plant was established.