芳香植物源营养液对梨树的抑菌和营养效应

 【目的】为有机果品生产提供一种制作简便、成本低廉的芳香植物源营养抑菌制剂的制作方法，探讨喷施该营养液对梨树的抑菌和营养效应。【方法】以芳香植物孔雀草、紫苏、神香草、薄荷、香矢车菊地上部分为材料，经发酵制成营养液，以分别喷施上述5种芳香植物源营养液（Tr1—Tr5）、5种植物的混合营养液（Tr6）为处理，喷施南国春氨基酸叶面肥（Tr7）和清水（Tr8）为对照（CK），检测其对二年生盆栽南水梨/杜梨幼树黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病的抑菌效果及营养生长、叶片养分含量的效果。【结果】芳香植物源营养液田间叶面喷施和实验室抑菌试验均对梨树黑星病、轮纹病和腐烂病有显著的抑菌效果；田间叶面喷施5种芳香植物源营养液与南国春氨基酸叶面肥均能显著地促进新梢生长，提高叶面积，提高叶片矿质元素含量（除P元素外）；其中喷施神香草营养液（Tr3）对于南水梨幼树生长发育的促进作用较显著；喷施孔雀草营养液（Tr1）和薄荷营养液（Tr4）对梨树病害的抑制效果较显著。【结论】田间叶面喷施芳香植物源营养液能够提高梨叶片养分含量，改善营养生长状况，有效抑制梨黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病害的发生。

Effect of Aromatic Plant-Derived Nutrient Solution on Inhibition of Harmful Bacteria and Nutrition for Pear Plants

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to provide a simple, low cost, and effective plant nutrition agent for organic fruit production and explore the bacteriostat effects of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution on Venturia pirina Aderh, Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali vegetative growth and blade nutrient content. 【Method】 Biennial potted nanshui pear Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai/Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge trees were selected as materials for treatments of foliar application with plant-derived nutrient solutions. The treatments were Tagetes patula (Tr1), Perilla frutescens (Tr2), Hyssopus officinalis (Tr3), Mentha canadensis (Tr4), Centaurea cyanu (Tr5), as well as their proportional mixture (Tr6), respectively. And bio-bacterial manure Nanguochun, a kind of foliar fertilizers (Tr7), and water (Tr8) were used as control. 【Result】 The results indicated that the foliar application of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution and indoor antimicrobial tests was good in bacteriostatic effect of Venturia pirina Aderh, Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali and their anti-bacteria effect respectively reached 76.00%, 82.12%, 87.88% compared with controls. The foliar application of both plant-derived nutrient solutions and Nanguochun promoted the growth of shoots, increased the leaf area and improved the contents of mineral elements in leaves except for element P. In terms of comparison of the effects among different treatments, spraying Tr3 largely improved the growth of pear plants Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai/ Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge. 【Conclusion】 It is suggested that foliar application of plant-derived nutrient solution could result in improving the nutrient contents in leaves of trees and the status of nutrition growth, and simultaneously play a role in preventions of Venturia pirina Aderh, Pnysalospora pinicola Nose and Valisa mali in leaves of pear plants.