利用AFLP分子标记技术构建花莲核心种质资源

 【目的】构建花莲核心种质，以利于对花莲种质资源的保存、研究和利用。【方法】利用AFLP分子标记，对395份花莲原始种质按照种属来源分组后采用组内简单比例法和聚类抽样法建立候选核心种质，比较不同候选核心种质的多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率、观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s遗传多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数等参数，最终确定花莲核心种质，并进行核心种质与原始种质的遗传多样性比较和t检验。【结果】所获得88个品种的花莲核心种质包括60份中国花莲品种，3份美洲黄莲，16份中美杂交莲和9份日本莲品种。核心种质保留了原始种质22.27%的样品，多态性位点和多态性位点百分率保留率为99.27%，观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s遗传多样性指数、Shannon’s信息指数的保留率分别为100.00%、101.72%、110.00%、106.67%。t测验结果表明，核心种质的遗传多样性指数与原始种质差异不显著。【结论】根据聚类分析结果剔除原始种质中的冗余种质后，建立的核心种质以最少的花莲资源可代表原始种质最大的遗传多样性。本文所构建的花莲核心种质在遗传上能最大程度地代表原始种质资源。

The Core-Collection Construction of Flower Lotus Based on AFLP Molecular Markers

【Objective】 The construction of the core collection is very important for preservation, study and application of flower lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) germplasm resources. 【Method】 Based on AFLP markers, candidate core collections were constructed by using proportional strategy and UPGMA clustering sampling method within subgroups after dividing 395 flower lotus germplasm into 4 subgroups. By comparison of the genetic diversity parameters of these candidate core collection, such as the number of polymorphic loci, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, the core collection of flower lotus were screened, and genetic diversity comparison and t-test between original collection and core collection were analyzed. 【Result】 The core collection of flower lotus with 88 cultivars including 60 Chinese flower lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), 3 American louts (Nelumbo lutea), 16 hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea, and 9 Japanese lotus cultivars. The core collection reserved 22.27% samples of original collection. The reserved rate of number of polymorphic loci and percentage of polymorphic loci were 99.27%, and the reserved rate of observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index were 100.00%, 101.72%, 110.00% and 106.67%, respectively. t-test’s results showed that no significant difference was found in genetic diversity indexes between the core collection and original collection. 【Conclusion】 The core collection excluded the redundant germplasm from the original collection and conserved maximum genetic diversity with minimum lotus germplasm resource. These results demonstrated that the core collection could stand for original collection excellently.