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长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响
引用本文:李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,HWAT Bing So.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):142-152.
作者姓名:李娟  赵秉强  李秀英  HWAT Bing So
作者单位:1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京,100081,中国
2. School of Land and Food Sciences,The University of Queensland,Brisbane Qld 4072,Australia
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所蕈本科研业务费专项资金 , 国家自然科学基金 , 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) , 中国农业科学院杰出人才基金
摘    要: 【目的】研究长期有机无机肥料配施条件下土壤微生物学特性(土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性)与土壤质量的关系,阐明土壤微生物对土壤健康的生物指示功能。【方法】以国家褐潮土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的长期肥料试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4 提取法和化学分析法分析了长达15年不同施肥处理的农田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮(SMBC、SMBN)和土壤酶活性之间的差异及其调控土壤肥力的作用。【结果】长期不同施肥处理土壤中SMBC变化介于96.49~500.12 mg?kg-1之间,SMBN变化介于35.89~101.82 mg?kg-1之间;单施化肥(NPK)与不施肥的CK相比,SMBC、SMBN、微生物商(qMB)、微生物量碳/氮比(SMBC/SMBN)、脲酶(Urease)活性以及土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量都有所提高;化肥与猪厩肥或秸秆还田配合施用,上述土壤微生物学特性以及土壤养分状况比单施NPK处理得到进一步改善,猪厩肥增量处理(NPKM+)效果最明显。同时,在北京褐潮土石灰性土壤上(pH 8.0左右)长期施有机肥有一定降低土壤pH的效应。SMBC、SMBN、Urease活性与SOM、STN、STP含量呈极显著正相关关系;SMBC/SMBN与SOM、 STN含量呈显著正相关关系;qMB、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)活性与SOM、STN 、STP含量无显著相关关系;除过氧化氢酶外,土壤pH值与其它土壤微生物学特性指标呈极显著负相关关系。【结论】长期有机无机肥料配施可提高土壤微生物量碳氮、脲酶活性。化肥与增量猪厩肥配施对增强土壤肥力效果最好;土壤微生物学特性可以反映土壤质量的变化,并可用作评价土壤健康的生物指标。

关 键 词:长期施肥  有机无机肥料配施  土壤微生物量  土壤酶  土壤肥力
收稿时间:2007-05-09
修稿时间:2007-06-27

Effects of Long-term Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Microbiological Properties and Soil Fertility
LI Juan,ZHAO Bing-qiang,LI Xiu-ying,HWAT Bing So.Effects of Long-term Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Microbiological Properties and Soil Fertility[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(1):142-152.
Authors:LI Juan  ZHAO Bing-qiang  LI Xiu-ying  HWAT Bing So
Abstract:In this paper the effects of long-term (15 years) combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers on soil microbiological properties and soil fertility was carried out based on the long-term fertilizer experiments in Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. The main results are as follows: Long-term application of chemical fertilizers only (NPK) compared with long-term no fertilizer usage (CK) increased the soil microbial biomass of C (SMBC) &N (SMBN), SMBC/SOC (soil organic C), SMBC/SMBN, Urease activity, and soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total phosphorus (STP) in a certain degree. Combined application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) and organic manure or crop straw can have even more significant increase effects on above related soil and microbiological properties than long-term applying NPK fertilizer only. The more the application amounts of organic manure or crop straw, the more significant the increase effects of above related soil and microbiological properties. Meantime long-term application of organic manure or crop straw can slightly decrease the soil pH under alkaline Fluvo-aquic soil (the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil). A positive co relationship was found between soil microbial biomass of C (SMBC) &N (SMBN), Urease activity and soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN) and soil total phosphorus (STP) .
Keywords:Long-term fertilizer experiment  Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers  Soil microbial biomass  Soil enzyme  Soil fertility
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