利用农垦58衍生系研究浙江省晚粳产量和植株形态的改良

 【目的】阐明晚粳稻产量与植株形态的关系。【方法】以农垦58及其衍生系为材料，通过在同一生态条件下的种植试验，比较不同时期水稻品种的产量、叶部、茎部和穗部性状，分析近几十年浙江省晚粳品种改良过程中产量及植株形态的演变，并进行产量和植株性状的相关分析。【结果】浙江省晚粳产量增加最快的阶段是60年代，此阶段的水稻品种类型可分为穗粒兼顾型和穗数型；70年代后产量增幅较慢，品种多为穗粒兼顾型。在植株形态中，近代品种（育成年份1985～1995年）的剑叶长度、上3叶的叶基角小于早代品种（1985年以前育成），倒3叶长度、剑叶和倒3叶的宽度大于早代品种；近代品种较矮，各节间长度均小于早代品种，但茎秆密度和单位叶鞘重于早代品种，而着粒密度高于早代品种。植株性状和产量的相关分析表明，剑叶和倒2叶的长度、上3叶的叶基角和叶片曲率、倒1和倒2节节间长度与产量存在显著负相关，结实率与产量显著正相关。【结论】水稻产量的提高和植株形态的改良有很大的关系，提高浙江省晚粳单产的可行途径是在保持高结实率的前提下适当增加每穗粒数。

Study of Yield and Morphological Character Development of Late Japonica Rice in Zhejiang Province Using Derived Varieties of Nongken 58

In order to study the development of yield and morphological characteristics of late japonica rice in Zhejiang province, late japonica variety Nongken 58 and its 18 derived varieties were grown at China national research institute farm in Zhejiang province during 2003 and 2004. The results were as follows: (1) the yield of late japonica rice in Zhejiang province increased greatly in 1960 s’, the varieties released at this stage could be divided as large panicle number and numerous grain type or panicle number type, the yield of late japonica rice after 1970s’ increased slowly, most of the varieties released at this stage were large panicle number and numerous grain type. (2) In plant morphological characters, compared to the former varieties (released before 1985), the latter varieties (released between 1985-1995) had short flag leaf length, small leaf original angle, longer third leaf length and wide flag and third leaf width; in stem and panicle characters, the plant height, internode length of the latter varieties were shorter than that of the former varieties, but in term of stem density, sheath weight and grain density per panicle, the latter varieties were larger than the former varieties. (3)Correlate analysis show there were significant negative correlations between length of the upper 2 leaves, original angle, leaf curvature, length of the upper 2 internodes and grain yield, positive correlations exist between 3rd leaf length, leaves width, biomass yield, seed setting rate and yield.