大豆分子育种研究进展

 大豆分子育种代表了大豆育种的发展方向，主要包括分子标记育种、转基因育种和品种分子设计育种三个方面。通过综合利用基因组学、生物信息学、计算机模拟与遗传育种学等多个学科的理论和方法，大豆分子育种可对大豆从表型到分子等多个层次进行遗传操作，有助于大幅度提高育种效率，最终实现大豆品种的定向遗传改良。本文介绍了中国大豆分子标记育种、转基因育种和品种分子设计育种三个方面的开创者，将国内的主要研究进展与国外相关的最新研究成果进行了综述和比较，由于知识所限对未提及的做出重要贡献的科学家在此致歉。通过比较发现，中国大豆分子育种与国外相关研究的差距普遍存在，然而，有些分子育种相关研究如基因克隆及功能研究等方面则与国外的差距正在逐渐缩小。笔者认为，大豆分子育种正朝着遗传图谱信息多元化、基因发掘规模化、分子育种技术高效化、分子育种理论系统化的方向发展。

Soybean Molecular Breeding

Soybean molecular breeding represents development of overall soybean breeding. It entails marker-assisted selection breeding, transgenic breeding and crop breeding by design. By comprehensive use of methods and theories on genomics, bioinfomatics, computational and genetic breeding etc, the soybean can be manipulated at multiple levels from phenotypes to molecular so that breeding efficiency can be increased tremendously and directional improvement can be finally realized. In this paper, we mentioned the pioneer scientists, who contributed to the marker-assisted selection breeding, transgenic breeding and crop molecular design in China, tired to review the key research progress in China and compared with the advanced levels in the world. But we apologized to those not mentioned scientists who made great progress in related fields due to our limited knowledge. It was obvious that the accumulation of research data in China was less than that in other countries, but some differences were not as vast. One such was the characterization of cloned soybean genes.Scientiests transformed them back into the soybean itself, a great progress in China, one that could compete with the advanced world levels. The author indicated that developing trends for soybean molecular breeding will be multi-informational and will intergrate a genetic map, large scale discovery of genes, high efficiency of molecrlar breeding technique and systematics of molecular breeding theory.