中国大豆脂肪氧化酶缺失种质多样性鉴定研究

应用改进的IEF电泳方法，对中国26个省、市（区）的895份大豆资源进行脂肪氧化酶缺失类型鉴定；对IEF电泳图谱进行激光扫描分析，比较品种间各条同工酶带活性差异；研究脂肪氧化酶的缺失与籽粒颜色、百粒重、播种期类型及生育期的关系；通过生物体系超弱发光动力学分析，研究种子发芽前后脂肪氧化酶缺失体活性动态变化。结果表明：在中国大豆资源中发现了4种脂肪氧化酶缺失体类型，鉴定出43份缺失突变体，占鉴定总数的4.80%；脂肪氧化酶的缺失与籽粒颜色和播种期类型有关，其中褐色、黑色大豆缺失频率较高；萌动种子发芽前，正常大豆的超弱发光强度明显高于脂肪氧化酶缺失体的发光强度，探索用超弱发光强度鉴别脂肪氧化酶缺失体的可能性。此外，还研究制定了一套快速、简便的大豆脂肪氧化酶鉴定技术，为种质创新研究及开发食品资源提供鉴定方法。

Study of Identification on Soybean Lipoxygenase Mutants in Chinese Soybean Germplasm Resources

By modified IEF PAGE, 895 soybean cultivars in 26 provinces of China were tested in an investigation on their lipoxygenase mutants. The gels of IEF PAGE were scaned by Ultroscan Laser Densitometer. The activity of Lox isoenzymes among the different soybean cultivars was compared using different peak value of Lox isoenzymes. In addition, the relationships between the mutation of Lox and agronomic performance, such as seed color, weight of 100 seeds, planting date and growth period, etc. were studied. Ultraweak bioluminescence (UWL) was employed to analyze the soybean seeds lacking lipoxygenase isozymes and detect their ultraweak light emission spectrum during germination. Results showed that there are four types of lipoxygenase isozyme in the tested soybean cultivars; 43 soybean mutants lacking one or more Lox isozymes were selected by IEF PAGE, with the frequency of mutants 4.81%. The mutation of soybean Lox is related to the seed color and planting date. Before germination, the normal soybean seeds had the UWL intensity apparently higher than that of lipoxygenase mutants. It is possible to detect soybean seeds lacking Lox isozymes by UWL intensity. Thus, a technique for identifying lipoxygenase mutants was developed, that was easy and rapid.