中国马铃薯疮痂病菌的鉴定

 【目的】对采自中国10个省（区）的马铃薯疮痂病菌进行分子水平鉴定。【方法】采用结合生物学特性和16S rDNA序列特点的方法对获得的菌株进行分析。【结果】中国的Streptomyces scabies菌株与美国的S. scabies标准菌株ATCC 49173的16S rDNA序列同源性为100%，但中国的菌株不能以甘露醇为单一碳源，对10 IU·ml-1青霉素不敏感，能产生硫化氢。而中国的S. acidiscabies菌株与美国的S. acidiscabies标准菌株ATCC 49003的16S rDNA序列同源性为99.8%，但能以棉子糖为单一碳源，对苯酚（0.1%）和结晶紫（0.5 ?g·ml-1）敏感，不产生硫化氢。另有一种病原链霉菌与所知的链霉菌种均不能归为一类，可能为一个新种。【结论】研究结果表明造成中国马铃薯疮痂病的病原菌至少有3种，分别为S. scabies、S. acidiscabies和一个新种。

Characterization and Identification on the Pathogen of Potato Scab in China

【Objective】The pathogens causing potato scab in ten provinces in China were identified.【Method】 The scab-related strains were analyzed according to the biological characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequences. 【Result】The Streptomyces scabies strains from China have the same 16S rDNA sequences to standard S. scabies strain ATCC 49173 from America. But their biological characteristics are different. Chinese Streptomyces scabies strains can not use D-mannitol as single carbon sources, unsensitive to penicillin G (10 IU·ml-1) and produce the H2S. The 16S rDNA sequences of Chinese S. acidiscabies strains are similar to standard S. acidiscabies one ATCC 49003(99.8%). It can use raffinose as single carbon source, sensitive to phenol (0.1%) and crystal violet (0.5 ?g ml-1), and can not produce the H2S. A novel scab-related Streptomyces specie was found in this work.【Conclusion】The results showed that the pathogens causing potato scab in China were belong to Streptomyces scabies, S. acidiscabies and a novel Streptomyces species respectively.