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利用亚菊属矶菊获得栽培菊花新种质
引用本文:赵宏波,陈发棣,房伟民,郭维明,谢伟.利用亚菊属矶菊获得栽培菊花新种质[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):2077-2084.
作者姓名:赵宏波  陈发棣  房伟民  郭维明  谢伟
作者单位:南京农业大学园艺学院
基金项目:国家自然科学基金 , 上海市科技攻关计划 , 教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划
摘    要: 【目的】将矶菊的优异性状或基因导入栽培菊花,进行菊花种质创新,创造既可观花又可观叶的菊花新种质。【方法】利用远缘杂交获得栽培菊花品种‘意大利红’(2n=6x=54)与矶菊正反交杂种F1,并进一步以正反交杂种F1为母本,‘意大利红’为父本进行回交,获得回交后代;利用扦插苗根尖进行杂种F1和回交后代中期染色体计数。【结果】正反交杂种F1染色体数目均介于64~72,以70~72为主;正反交杂种F1回交后代染色体数目介于52~63,以60~63为主。正反交杂种F1回交后代的株高、冠幅、叶形、叶片柔毛、分枝性等性状的遗传表现基本一致,介于原始双亲之间,较杂种F1更接近回交亲本‘意大利红’,说明这些性状为数量性状。舌状花的遗传表现正反交杂种F1回交后代间存在差异,正交(‘意大利红’×矶菊)F1的回交后代舌状花先端不分裂,且不同个体间颜色变化丰富;反交(矶菊ב意大利红’)F1的回交后代舌状花先端1~4裂,以2、3裂为主,颜色较单一,表明可能与细胞质遗传有关。【结论】研究证明远缘杂种生殖过程正常,两属间有很近的亲缘关系。实现了矶菊与栽培菊花属间远缘杂交,并利用栽培菊花品种进行回交获得了一批既可观花又可观叶的新种质。

关 键 词:菊花  矶菊  属间杂交  回交  种质创新
收稿时间:2007-3-20

Creating Novel Germplasms of Chrysanthemum by Employing the Ajania pacifica
ZHAO Hong-bo,CHEN Fa-di,FANG Wei-min,GUO Wei-ming,XIE Wei.Creating Novel Germplasms of Chrysanthemum by Employing the Ajania pacifica[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):2077-2084.
Authors:ZHAO Hong-bo  CHEN Fa-di  FANG Wei-min  GUO Wei-ming  XIE Wei
Abstract:【Objective】A. pacifica as a charming ornamental plant mainly dues to its silver color leaf and high potentiality in branching as compared to the commercial cultivars of chrysanthemum. However, the small capitula and absence of ray florets made it less attractive than commercial cultivars that are with larger capitula and rich in color. In this study, we attempted to introduce the unique ornamental characteristics of A. pacifica to commercial cultivars, to create novel germplasm of chrysanthemum that both leaves and flowers are of ornamental values, thus enhance the germplasm of chrysanthemum.【Method】Reciprocal cross between cultivar ‘Yidalihong’ (2n=6x=54) and A. pacifica (2n=10x=90) were conducted via conventional hybridization. The obtained F1 progeny was subsequently backcrossed with one of the parents of ‘Yidalihong’. The mitosis metaphase chromosome numbers were investigated in root tips of cutting seedling. The morphology parameters were measured according to method of Li Hong-jian.【Result】The chromosome numbers of F1 progeny of reciprocal cross varied from 64 to 72, and mostly diverged from 70 to 72. While the chromosome numbers in progenies of backcross between F1 progeny and ‘Yidalihong’ varied from 52 to 63, mostly varied from 60 to 63. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, canopy, phylliform, epidermal hair of leaf, branching and ramification in progenies of backcross were overall heredity universal, which exhibited intermediate characteristics between parents, but more resembled those of ‘Yidalihong’ than those of F1 progeny to some extend. It implied that these characteristics were quantitatively heredity traits. However, individuals of progenies of backcross differed in the morphology of ray florets. The anterior extremity of ray florets in progenies of backcross between F1 progeny (‘Yidalihong’ and A. pacifica) and‘Yidalihong’ was not cloven and rich in flower color. However, progenies of backcross between F1 progeny (A. pacifica and ‘Yidalihong’) and‘Yidalihong’showed 1 to 4 lobe-ray-florets (mainly 2 or 3 lobes) and were poor in flower color. It suggested that phenotype of ray florets in progenies of backcross was likely regulated by cytoplasmic genes.【Conclusion】Intergeneric hybridization was successfully attempted between A. pacifica and commercial cultivars. When the F1 progeny of intergeneric hybridization was subsequently backcrossed with commercial cultivar, novel germplasm that both leaves and flowers are of ornamental values was created.
Keywords:‘Yidalihong’  A  pacifica  intergeneric hybrid  backcross  germplasm enhancement
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