大葱和洋葱种间杂种的获得及其特性

【目的】构建大葱和洋葱的种间杂种。【方法】以章丘大葱和洋葱自交系06-38为材料,进行远缘杂交,对杂种子房进行培养;利用CAPS技术对所获得植株进行鉴定;利用花粉染色法、离体萌发法和自交对其进行育性鉴定。【结果】大葱和洋葱正反交,自然状态下胚败育。在未添加激素的MS培养基上进行大葱与洋葱种间正反交后的子房培养,均获得种间杂种F1,授粉后第7天为最佳培养时期;通过子房培养分别获得了大葱×洋葱、洋葱×大葱杂种植株26株和22株;经CAPS检测,杂交后代全部为真杂种。F1杂种植株具有明显的杂种优势,杂种雄性不育。【结论】利用子房培养技术,克服了大葱和洋葱远缘杂种在自然状态下胚败育的情况发生,获得了种间杂种F1;所获得的杂种植株表现出明显的杂种优势,且雄性不育。

Production and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrids Between Welsh Onion and Onion

Objective] The objective of the study is to develop the interspecific hybrid plants between welsh onions and onion.Method] The Zhangqiu welsh onion and onion inbred line 06-38 were used to make distant hybridization. The ovary of distant hybrids were cultured. The hybrid plants were identified by CAPS. The fertility was identified by pollen staining, in vitro germination and self-pollination. Result] Under the natural conditions, the embryo of the welsh onionxonion reciprocal cross plants was abortive. The seventh day after pollination was the best time for the ovary culture. The ovarys were cultured on the MS medium without hormone and the welsh onion×onion reciprocal crosses were obtained from the interspecific F1 hybrid. Through ovary culture, 26 hybrid plants of the welsh onion × onion and 22 hybrid plants of onion × onion were obtained. All of the tested hybrids were the true hybrid by CAPS. The F1 hybrid plants had obvious beterosis and hybrid male sterility. Conclusion] By using the ovary culture technique, the interspecific hybrid F1 was obtained, thus overcoming the welsh onionxonion distant hybrid which is abortive under natural conditions. The hybrid plants showed apparent heteroses and male sterility.