不同生态环境下陆地棉转基因抗虫杂交棉遗传效应及杂种优势分析

 【目的】探讨不同生态环境下陆地棉转基因抗虫杂交棉遗传效应及杂种优势，为抗虫杂交棉选育和应用提供指导。【方法】采用MINQUE统计方法、ADE遗传模型对10陆地棉亲本材料及其24个F1转基因抗虫棉杂交组合（6×4）的产量和品质性状的3个生态区试验资料进行分析。【结果】单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量和伸长率、2.5%跨长、比强度、麦克隆值主要受遗传主效因控制,子棉产量、亩铃数和整齐度受环境效应影响非常明显；在遗传主效应中，除铃重外，其余4个产量性状中显性效应值大于加性效应值,5个品质性状加性效应值均大于显性效应值；通过群体平均优势（Hpm）和群体超亲优势（Hpb）与环境互作效应分析，皮棉产量、衣分稳定性较好，子棉产量和铃数稳定性较差；产量性状与环境互作效应值较大，而品质性状与环境互作效应值较小。【结论】产量性状表现出一定的杂种优势，而品质性状的杂种优势表现不明显；棉花品质性状在一个环境可选育，而产量性状必需结合生态环境选育,才能达到育种目标。

Analysis for Genetic Effect and Heterosis of Insect Resistant Transgenic Upland Cotton Crosses in Different Ecological Environments

Yield and fiber quality traits of 10 parents and their 24 F1 transgenic crosses（6×4）in 3 ecological environments were analyzed by the genetic model of additive-dominance and their interactions with environments by MINQUE method. The result showed that bollsize, lint percentage, lint yield, elongation, 2.5% span length, strength and micronaire were mainly controlled by genetic main effects, and seed cotton yield, boll number and micronaire were evidently affected by environmental effects. Among these genetic main effects, dominant effect values in 4 yield traits were more than additive effect value, except boll size, and 5 fiber quality traits showed contrary effect, these indicated more yield traits exhibited heterosis. Hpm (population heterosis over parent mean), Hpb(population heterosis over parent better) and environment interaction showed lint yield and lint percentage had a better stability, and worse stability displayed in seed cotton yield and boll number. Interaction effect values between yield traits and environment were higher, and lower between fiber quality traits and environment, revealed fiber quality traits can be improved through selection in certain environment, and yield trait should be improved in different ecological environment. The genotype value and heterosis of every F1 cross lint yield analysis showed that crosses P6×P10 exhibited remarkable Hbm and Hbp.