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玉米生育后期光合特性的遗传分析
引用本文:周艳敏,张春庆.玉米生育后期光合特性的遗传分析[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1900-1907.
作者姓名:周艳敏  张春庆
作者单位:山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室
基金项目:引进国际先进农业科技计划(948计划) , 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)前期研究专项
摘    要: 【目的】了解玉米生育后期光合生理性状的遗传规律。【方法】选用8个光合速率差异较大的玉米自交系,按n(n+1)/2双列杂交法配制36个组合,采用GriffingⅡ和Hayman法对玉米4个光合生理性状进行配合力分析和遗传参数估算。【结果】所用材料中自交系鲁原92和A150是较好的高光效亲本,平均值较高的杂交组合的亲本中至少有一个是高光效的。光合速率的遗传符合“加性-显性”模型,而气孔宽不符合“加性-显性”模型,广义遗传力分别为95.73%、81.47%,狭义遗传力分别为28.33%、32.39%。光合速率和气孔宽这2个光合性状的遗传均以非加性效应为主,显性方向均指向增效,适合中高代选择和优势育种。叶绿素含量的遗传符合“加性-显性”模型,加性效应比非加性效应更重要,显性方向指向增效,广义遗传力为78.78%,狭义遗传力为57.03%,适合早代选择。【结论】不同光合性状的遗传规律不同,高光效育种工作中,应筛选一般配合力较大的自交系作亲本,同时进行广泛测交。

关 键 词:玉米  双列杂交  光合性状  配合力  遗传参数
收稿时间:2007-3-28

Genetic Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize During Late Growth Stage
ZHOU Yan-min,ZHANG Chun-qing.Genetic Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize During Late Growth Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(7):1900-1907.
Authors:ZHOU Yan-min  ZHANG Chun-qing
Abstract:【Objective】Maize genotypes have been shown to differ in photosynthetic characters. Grain yield in maize was mainly attributable to photosynthetic efficiency during grain-filling period. So it was important for improving photosynthetic efficiency to pick out the hereditary regularity and combing ability in the main photosynthetic characters of maize during the late stage. 【Method】8 inbred lines with different photosynthetic rate were used as parents to make 36 combinations by (1/2)n(n+1) diallel crossing model. By using Griffing Ⅱ and Hayman methods, combing ability and genetic parameters were analyzed in 4 photosynthetic characters. 【Result】It was indicated that the inheritance of chlorophyll content fit to “additive-dominant” model, both additive and dormant effect were important and it was determined by one complete dominant gene. The inheritance of Pn also fit to “additive-dominant” model, it was controlled by 1 major gene; but SW was not conformed to “additive-dominant” model, it was controlled by many minor genes and few major genes. Both Pn and SW depended on the non-additive genetic effect and there were predominant effects. The h2N% was ordered from high to low as Chl, SW, Pn. The analysis of combining ability showed highly significant GCA and significant SCA effects indicating the importance of additive and dominant genetic components in controlling photosynthetic characters. There were 5 inbred lines with high GCA and high average value, such as B114, Chang7-2, Luyuan92, Huangzao4 and A150. The comparison of the combinations with high photosynthetic efficient showed that such combinations involved at least one parent with high positive GCA effect. 【Conclusion】The results revealed that it was feasible to use highly photosynthetic efficient inbred lines to achieve combination with high photosynthetic efficiency. It was necessary to make as many crosses as possible.
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