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水稻覆膜旱作高产节水机理研究
引用本文:梁永超,胡锋,杨茂成,朱遐亮,王广平,王永乐.水稻覆膜旱作高产节水机理研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(1):26-32.
作者姓名:梁永超  胡锋  杨茂成  朱遐亮  王广平  王永乐
作者单位:1. 南京农业大学资源与环境学院,农业部作物生长与调控重点实验室,南京,210095
2. 河海大学水利水电学院
3. 安徽省滁州市水利局
4. 安徽省定远县东兴乡
5. 安徽省水利厅科技处
摘    要: 研究了全程旱管条件下地膜覆盖、超稀植(5.3~6.4万穴/ha)对水稻生物学性状、水分生理特性、产量及其构成因素和土壤水热条件的影响。结果表明,覆膜条件下水稻根系和地上部干重、生物量、株高、单株分蘖数、叶面积指数以及茎伤流液量极显著地大于裸地旱作水稻。覆膜对土壤具有明显的保水增温作用,降低了水稻叶片的细胞汁液浓度、细胞质膜透性,从而缓解了水稻植株的水分胁迫程度。覆膜旱作水稻产量达到6372~13500kg/ha,而裸地旱作水稻产量仅为4530~5400kg/ha。水稻覆膜旱作比裸地旱作或淹水栽培显著节水。

关 键 词:水稻  栽培  地膜覆盖  节水灌溉  水分胁迫

Mechanisms of High Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Rice in Plastic Film Mulched Dryland
Liang Yongchao,Hu Feng,Yang Maocheng,Zhu Xialiang,Wang Guangping,Wang Yongle.Mechanisms of High Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Rice in Plastic Film Mulched Dryland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999,32(1):26-32.
Authors:Liang Yongchao  Hu Feng  Yang Maocheng  Zhu Xialiang  Wang Guangping  Wang Yongle
Abstract:Two-year field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of rice cultivation with a density of 53000-64000 hills/ha on the plastic film mulched dryland (PFMD) on rice growth, rice yield and its composition, plant physiological changes, soil moisture and temperature and irrigation water use efficiency compared to rice cultivation on wetland and/or on dryland. The results indicated that root and shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf area index, tillering number and grain yield of rice were significantly higher in PFMD than in dryland. The plastic film mulching helped to prevent soil moisture loss from evaporation and to increase soil temperature, thus mitigating against water stress of plants and promoting rice growth. Leaf cell sap concentration and electrolytic leakage per centage decreased remarkedly but stem xylem sap flow increased significantly in plants grown in PFMD compared to those grown in dryland. The irrigation requirement for the rice plants grown in PFMD was much less than that for the plants grown in dryland. This novel technology for rice cultivation is promising in the development of sustainable water saving agriculture especially in semi-arid areas.
Keywords:Rice  Dryland cultivation  Plastic film mulched dryland  Water saving ir rigation  Water stress
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