水稻水分精确管理的知识模型研究

【目的】水稻是中国主要的粮食作物,其生长需消耗大量的水资源,因此水分精确管理对于水稻高效生产具有重要的意义。【方法】在分析和提炼水稻栽培理论与技术研究资料的基础上,通过定量描述水稻需水规律与栽培技术、品种类型、生态环境之间的动态关系,根据土壤水分平衡原理,采用土壤水势作为灌溉指标,建立水稻水分精确管理知识模型;基于系统工程思想,进一步在Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2005平台上构建水分精确管理知识模型系统。【结果】模型具有灌溉管理方案设计以及动态调控的功能,在杭州和南京两个生态点进行的大田对比试验表明,两生态点按照模型设计方案进行水分管理的田块,其产量平均分别提高了6.9%和9.1%,灌溉水分生产率平均分别提高了53.61%和42.73%。【结论】该模型对于不同条件下的水稻水分精确管理具有较好的适用性和指导性。

A Knowledge Model for Precision Water Management in Rice

Objective] Rice is the most important staple crop and needs much water resource in China, so precision water management is necessary for high efficiency rice production. Method] Based on analysis and extraction of the research results in rice cultural theories and technologies, further on the theory of soil water balance, with soil water potential as the irrigation index, a knowledge model for precision water management in rice (KMPWM) was developed by quantifying the relationships of water demand and cultivation technologies, variety traits, and eco-environments. Furthermore, based on the system engineering theory, a decision support system for rice precision water management was established on the platform of Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2005. Result] KMPWM realized the functions of irrigation management scheme design and real-time regulation. The field comparison experiments at Hangzhou and Nanjing showed that the average grain yields were improved by 6.9% and 9.1%, respectively, and irrigation water use efficiencies were remarkably increased by 53.61% and 42.73%, respectively, in two eco-sites under the model-designed irrigation strategies, as compared to conventional irrigation regimes. Conclusion] It appears that the present model has good applicability and proper guidance for rice precision water management.