不同施氮时期对淀粉积累及淀粉合成相关酶类活性变化的研究

选用2个不同直链淀粉含量的杂交水稻组合,采用不同施氮期处理,对水稻开花后籽粒灌浆、淀粉积累、淀粉合成关键酶类活性及其之间的关系进行研究.结果表明,侧重后期施氮可以促进籽粒灌浆、增加粒重,同时还可适当提高稻米支链淀粉含量.不同施氮期处理条件下,与淀粉合成相关的3个关键酶的活性峰值出现的时间基本上未明显变化,但是酶活性大小及峰值高低有所不同,其中淀粉合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性差异较大,而分支酶活性变化较小.侧重前期施氮有利于提高淀粉合成酶活性,而侧重后期施氮则可提高ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分枝酶活性.籽粒灌浆期淀粉合成酶平均活性及灌浆中、后期的ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分枝酶活性与籽粒灌浆速率及直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累速率呈显著或极显著正相关.ADPG焦磷酸化酶和淀粉分枝酶活性对直、支链淀粉含量变化均有同等重要的作用.侧重后期施氮处理有利于提高直、支链淀粉积累速率.

Changes in Starch Accumulation and Activity of Enzymes Associated with Starch Synthesis Under Different N Supplying Date

In this paper the changes in grain filling, starch accumulation and activity of enzymes associated with starch synthesis in two different hybrid rice varieties were analyzed under different N supplying dates (earlier-date-emphasized, mean-date-emphasized and later-date-emphasized). The results showed that the N application of later-date-emphasized could promote grain filling rate, increase grain weight and amylopectin content. The time reaching a maximum activity in three enzymes of ADPglusoce pyriphosphorylase (ADPG), starch synthesis enzyme (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in grains of two different rice varieties were not changed obviously, but the mean and maximum activity of these three enzymes changed,and the changes of SSS and ADPG were bigger than SBE as N supplying date changed. The N application of earlier-date-emphasized increased SSS activity and the N application of later-date-emphasized increased ADPG and SBE activities. The mean SSS activity in whole filling period, and ADPG and SBE activities at middle and late filling stage were significantly or very significantly correlated with grain filling rate and accumulating rate of amylose and amylopectin. Both of ADPG and SBE played an important role to the changes of amylose and amylopectin content. The N application of later-date-emphasized increased amylose and amylopectin accumulating rate.