云南省主要野生食用菌中重金属调查

【目的】调查云南主要野生食用菌中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)的背景值,研究不同种类野生食用菌的重金属富集规律,为野生食用菌食品安全评估提供科学依据。【方法】在云南省25个县采集茶褐牛肝菌(Boletus brunneissimus)、皱皮疣柄牛肝菌(Boletus duriusculus)、美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、白牛肝菌(Boletus granulatus)、灰褐牛肝菌(Boletus griseus)、华丽牛肝菌(Boletus magnificus)、鸡油菌(Cantharellus cibarius)、梭柄松苞菇(Catathelasma ventricosum)、变绿红菇(Russula virescens)、鸡菌(Termitomyces albuminosus)、干巴菌(Thelephora ganbajun)、松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)等12种野生食用菌共165个鲜样,分别采用硝酸-高氯酸湿式消解法和高压消解法对As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量进行测定。【结果】不同种类的野生食用菌中As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量存在差异。其中,As平均含量为0.055-0.515mg·kg-1,最高的是松茸,最低的是华丽牛肝菌;Cd平均含量为0.039-1.280mg·kg-1,最高的是鸡菌,最低的是茶褐牛肝菌;Hg平均含量为0.015-0.608mg·kg-1,最高的是美味牛肝菌,最低的是干巴菌;Pb平均含量为0.272-1.782mg·kg-1,最高的是鸡菌,最低的是白牛肝菌。【结论】在这12种食用菌中,不同种类的野生食用菌As、Cd、Hg和Pb含量存在显著差异。

Investigation on Heavy Metals of Main Wild Edible Mushrooms in Yunnan Province

Objective]Background values of arsenic(As),cadmium (Cd),mercury (Fig) and lead (Pb) in main wild edible mushrooms in Yunnan province were investigated.Accumulation of heavy metal in different wild mushroom species were studied to provide a scientific basis for evaluation of the safety of the wild edible mushrooms. Method]One hundred and sixty-five fresh samples,which belongs to 12 species,i.e.Boletus brunneissimus,Boletus duriusculus,Boletus eduli,Boletus granulatus,Boletus griseus,Boletus magnificus,Camharellus cibarius,Catathelasma ventricosum,Russula virescens,Termitomyces albuminosus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsutake,were collected from 25 counties in Yurman province.Nitric aeid-perchloric acid wet digestion was used in determining the As,Cd and Pb,while Hg was determined by high pressure digestion. Result]Significant differences were found in As,Cd,Hg and Pb among various species of wild edible mushrooms.The average As content ranged from 0.055 mg·kg~(-1) in B.magnificus to 0.515 mg·kg~(-1) in T.matsutake.The average Cd content ranged from 0.039 mg·kg~(-1) in B.brunneissimus to 1.280 mg·kg~(-1) in T.albuminosus.The average Hg content ranged from 0.015 mg.kgl in T.ganbajun to 0.608 mg·kg~(-1) in B.edulis.The average Pb content ranged from 0.272 mg·kg~(-1) in B.granulatus to 1.782 mg·kg~(-1) in T.albuminosus.Conclusion]There were significant differences in As,Cd,Hg and Pb content among different species of wild edible mushrooms.