短枝型与普通型苹果叶片光合特性比较研究

 采用红外线CO#-2气体分析仪对短枝型和普通型苹果树新梢叶片光合特性进行比较研究。结果表明：年周期和日周期中，短枝型苹果树新梢叶片的光合速率（Pn）分别高于普通型苹果树12.8%-19.1%、9.5%-13.2%；年周期中，短枝型苹果树新梢叶片的叶绿素含量、SLW分别高于普通型苹果树4.3%-55.5%、3.8%-15.1%；光呼吸速率（Pr）、暗呼吸速率（Dr）、Pr/Pn分别低于普通型苹果树24.2%-25.6%、11.4%-12.0%、27.8%-44.5%。与普通型苹果树相比，短枝型苹果树具有较高的光饱和点和较低的光补偿点。因而，短枝型苹果树光能利用率高，呼吸消耗少，光合强度高，能够积累较多的光合产物，有利于早果、丰产。

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROPERTIES OF SPUR-TYPE AND ORDINARY APPLE TREES

In this paper, the photosynthetic properties of spur-type and ordinary apple trees are comparatively studied with infrared gas analyzer. The results are as follows: 1) Photosynthetic rates of shoot leaves of spur-type are 12.8%-19.1% and 9.5%-13.2% respectively, higher than that of ordinary apple trees daily and annually. 2) In a year cycle, the chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight of shoot leaves of spur -type are 4.3%-55.5% and 3.8 %-15.1%,higher than those of the ordinary apple trees seperately. 3)Rate of photorespiration, rate of dark respiration and ratio of photorespiration/photosynthesis of spur-type are 24.2%-25.5%, 11.4%-12.0% and 27.8%-44.5% lower than those of ordinary apple trees seperately. 4) Compared with ordinary apple trees, spur-type apple trees are observed to have higher light saturation point and lower light compensation point. Therefore,spur-type apple tress have higher utilization ratio of light energy, higher photosynthetic rate, lower consumption of respiration, higher accumulation of photosynthetic products in aerial parts which are beneficial to early fruiting and high yield.