基于EST-SSR的福建地区茶树资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析

 【目的】通过对福建地区茶树资源进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析，为今后茶树亲本选择或遗传改良等提供依据。【方法】利用中国农业科学院茶叶研究所茶树分子生物学实验室新开发的23对和他人3对共26对EST-SSR引物对福建省的42份茶树种质资源进行PCR扩增，在所得相似系数的基础上进行UPGMA聚类，并绘制亲缘关系树状聚类图。【结果】26对引物共检测到等位位点86个，每个引物为2～5个，平均3.31个;遗传多态性信息含量（PIC）在0.05～0.75，平均值为0.56。期望杂合度（He）大小在0.02～0.81，平均值为0.60;观测杂合度（Ho）在0.02～0.97，平均值为0.55;群体内的Shannon指数为1.16。按相似系数为0.40可将参试的42份种质资源分为两大类。【结论】研究发现福建地区茶树资源具有相对较高的遗传多样性，并明确了不同资源间的亲缘关系。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Tea Germplasms Originated from Fujian Province Based on EST-SSR Markers

【Objective】 Genetic polymorphism of tea germplasms from Fujian, China and their relationships were analyzed so as to offer some information to be used in genetic improvement and parental selection in tea breeding programs. 【Method】 The 26 pairs of EST-SSR primers, including 23 newly derived by the authors and 3 from previous references, were used to analyze the 42 tea accessions from Fujian, China. Based on EST-SSR data, a dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA method. 【Result】 Totally 86 alleles were amplified using the 26 EST-SSR primers, the number of alleles per primer ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3.31. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.05 to 0.75, with an average of 0.56. The expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.02 to 0.81 and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.02 to 0.97, with an average of 0.60 and 0.55, respectively. The Shannon index of the Fujian tea population was 1.16. The 42 accessions were classified into 2 groups based on the similarity coefficient at 0.40. 【Conclusion】 The results show that the genetic polymorphism of tea germplasms in Fujian is relatively abundant, and the relationships among the 42 accessions are clearly defined.