茶树的碳氮代谢与施肥

 本文总结了作者近十年来对茶树碳氮代谢及茶园施肥的研究，表明茶树碳氮量的年变化为秋后逐步在根部积累至翌年春季茶芽萌动前达到高峰；春季开始后由于大量再利用而下降至春茶将结束时达最低水平。深秋施肥可显著地促进冬季和早春的光合作用，加速冬季光合产物向根部转运，保持越冬叶较高的光合产物水平，供翌年春芽萌发所需。深秋施肥，不但提高了产量，也改善了春茶的品质。不同氮素化肥对茶叶产量的效益依次为碳铵＞硫铵≈尿素＞氨水＞氯铵。化肥配施有机肥可提高茶叶产量和品质，研究还对茶园的合理用肥量进行了分析。

METABOLISM OF CARBON AND NITROGEN AND FERTILIZATION OF TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)

The work conducted by authors in recent years on annual fluctuation of carbon and nitrogen in tea, fertilizer effects and fertilizing technique in tea garden was summarized in the paper. The results showed that after autumn, carbon and nitrogen gradually accumulated in roots, reaching a peak before tea plant started shooting in the following spring, and thereafter decreased to the lowest level at the end of spring tea harvest. Fertilizer dressing in late autumn could significantly stimulate photosynthesis in both winter and spring, promote the transport of winter photosynthates to roots, and retain high level of photosynthates in over-wintering leaves for the use during shooting in the following spring. Late autumn dressing also improved the quality of spring green tea. The effects of fertilizers of different components in terms of the yield of tea were ammonia carbonate> ammonia sulate=urea>ammonia solution>ammonia chloride, Chemical fertilizer together with manure increased the yield and quality of tea. The studies also estimated the optimal fertilizer application rate in tea garden.