中国作物新品种选育成就与展望

 中国农业历史悠久，很早便开始了作物育种工作。新中国成立40多年来，逐步建立起从中央到地方农作物种质资源、育种、推广、经营体系，拥有一支宏大的专业队伍，搜集保存各种作物种质资源30多万份，其中已繁种入国家种质库的有20多万份。共选育40多种作物近5000个新品种、新组合，使主要粮食作物、经济作物等在全国范围内更换3-5次，每次更换一般增产10%-30%，并使品质、抗性得到较大改善。在矮秆育种、辐射育种、杂种优势利用等方面取得了重大突破，使中国作物育种研究与应用步入了世界先进行列。 当前，在中国从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的新形势下，要大力加强作物种质资源研究，继续选育与推广高产、优质、多抗新品种，同时要切实加强作物育种理论方法的研究，不断增强后劲。还要运用专利知识产权和专门法规形式保护作物新品种，为高产、优质、高效农业的发展，实现从温饱到小康跨越作出新贡献。

ACHIEVEMENT AND PROSPECT OF NEW CROP VARIETIES BREEDING IN CHINA

China has a long history in agriculture. Its crop breeding work started in about 1910. more than 40 years since the founding of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has gradually established an integrated system of crop germplasm resources, breeding, extension and marketing from central to local levels with a large professional team working for it. By now, more than 300 000 crop germplasm resource samples have been collected, of which more than 200 000 have been put into the National Gene Bank for long-term conservation. Nearly 5000 new varieties and new combinations from 40 crop species have been bred and released for commercial production.. From the main food and cash crops 3 to 5 times of variety turnover have been practised and each time of varietal replacement leads to 10% to 30% of yield increase and a better improvement of crop quality and rediation to diseases and pests. Significant breakthrough in the field of short strawed breeding, radiation breeding and utilization of heterosis has made China one of the advanced countries in the field of crop breeding and its application.