海棠不同品种果实香气物质分析

 【目的】研究不同海棠（Malus sp.）品种果实的香气成分及果实成熟后挥发性物质的变化，为寻找苹果属物种中具有特异香气的种质提供有效的研究方法。【方法】采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用（SPME/GC/ MS）技术，分别测定了‘Red splender’、‘Strawberry parifit’、‘Pink Spire’、‘Radiant’、‘Sparkler’、‘Flame’等6个海棠品种成熟果实的挥发性物质，并对‘Red splender’和‘Strawberry parifit’果实成熟后挥发性物质的变化进行了探讨。【结果】6个海棠品种成熟果实中共检测到37种挥发性物质，主要成分为醛类、酯类和醇类。2-己烯醛是最主要的香气成分，相对含量略有差异，分别占果实挥发性物质总量的45.37%、21.98%、33.56%、32.21%、38.6%和45.88%。果实成熟后，香气组分变化较大。‘Red splender’果实成熟后，2-己烯醛仍为最主要香气成分，含量下降为42.89%，醛类、酯类物质在总组分中所占比例分别减少了12.16%和7.18%，醇类物质在总组分中所占比例增加了13.86%；‘Strawberry parifit’果实中环己醇成为最主要香气成分，含量上升为46.43%，醛类、酯类物质在总组分中所占比例减少了23.74%和9.34%，醇类物质在总组分中所占比例增加了49.03%。【结论】海棠果实的主要挥发性物质为：2-己烯醛、3-己烯醛、己醛、2,4-己二烯醛、苯甲醛、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯。醛类物质是对这些海棠品种果实风味贡献最大的挥发性物质，酯类和醇类是构成不同品种海棠特异香气的重要组成。‘Red splender’、‘Strawberry parifit’果实成熟后，醛类和酯类物质的相对含量下降，而醇类物质的相对含量增加。

Analysis of Fruit Aroma of Different Crabapple (Malus sp.) Cultivars

【Objective】Fruit aroma of different crabapple cultivars and the stability were investigated.【Method】Volatiles of ripe crabapple fruits of ten varieties were analyzed by SPME/GC/MS. The volatiles stability of M.‘Red splender’ and M.‘Strawberry parifit’ fruits was studied.【Result】The results showed that the main volatiles of M.‘Red splender’, M.‘Strawberryparifit’, M.‘Pink Spire’, M.‘Radiant’, M.‘Sparkler’ and M.‘Flame’ fruits comprised 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenal, Hexanal, 2,4-Hexadienal, Benzaldehyde, Dibutyl phthalate. Aldehydes were the most improtant components for fruit aroma, while the esters and alcohols were indispensability. After M.‘Red splender’ and M.‘Strawberryparifit’ fruits riped, the relative content of aldehydes and esters were decrease as alcohols increase.【Conclusion】The thesis summarize a effective method to find new idioplasms with particular fruit aroma in malus.