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不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响
引用本文:李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,常勇,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕.不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2234-2243.
作者姓名:李杰  张洪程  龚金龙  常勇  戴其根  霍中洋  许轲  魏海燕
作者单位:扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室
基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03); 超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项)
摘    要: 【目的】倒伏是水稻“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”综合生产目标的限制因素之一。本研究旨在探讨不同种植方式超级稻的抗倒伏能力,为合理选用种植方式,实现“十字”综合目标提供理论依据。【方法】长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下,以超级稻品种淮稻9号和Ⅲ优98为材料,设置旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式,以倒伏指数作为衡量植株抗倒伏能力的指标,在齐穗后25 d,研究不同种植方式水稻基部第1节间(N1)、第2节间(N2)、第3节间(N3)、第4节间(N4)抗倒伏能力和主要物理性状的差异,并对倒伏指数、抗折力与茎秆主要物理性状进行相关分析。【结果】不同种植方式水稻抗倒伏能力差异极显著,手栽稻倒伏指数最小,抗倒伏能力最强,直播稻倒伏指数最大,抗倒伏能力最差,机插稻居于二者之间。抗折力的大小是不同种植方式水稻倒伏指数差异的主要原因,N1、N2、N3、N4节间的抗折力与株高、重心高度、茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重、叶鞘干重、单位节间干重、节间基部至穗顶的长度和鲜重及弯曲力矩呈显著或极显著正相关,与相对重心高度和节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关。与机插稻和直播稻相比,手栽稻基部节间抗折力大、倒伏指数小的主要原因是:(1)株高的增加是节间数增多、穗长及穗下2个节间变长所致,而茎秆基部易于发生倒伏的2—3个节间长度反而比机插稻和直播稻短;(2)基部各节间粗度和茎壁厚度均有明显增加,且茎、鞘干重大,单位节间干重极显著增加,茎秆的充实度好。【结论】不同种植方式水稻茎秆主要物理性状优化组合不同,基部节间短而粗,茎壁厚度大,茎秆充实程度好,是手栽稻抗折力大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强的直接原因。

关 键 词:栽培方式  超级稻  抗倒伏能力  倒伏指数  茎秆物理性状
收稿时间:2010-07-26;

Effects of Different Planting Methods on the Culm Lodging Resistance of Super Rice
LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-cheng,GONG Jin-long,CHANG Yong,DAI Qi-gen,HUO Zhong-yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-yan.Effects of Different Planting Methods on the Culm Lodging Resistance of Super Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(11):2234-2243.
Authors:LI Jie  ZHANG Hong-cheng  GONG Jin-long  CHANG Yong  DAI Qi-gen  HUO Zhong-yang  XU Ke  WEI Hai-yan
Institution:LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-cheng,GONG Jin-long,CHANG Yong,DAI Qi-gen,HUO Zhong-yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-yan (College of Agronomy,Yangzhou University/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)
Abstract:【Objective】Lodging is one of the constraints to the integrated production target of high yield, good quality, high efficiency, ecology and security for rice. This study investigated the lodging resistance of super rice under different planting methods. It could provide a theoretical basis for rational use of planting methods and realization of “ten word” integrated target.【Method】By using two super rice cultivars Huaidao 9 and Ⅲyou 98 as materials and setting three planting methods of precision artificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedling (ATR), mechanical transplanting with small seedling (MTR) and direct seeding (DSR) in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River, with lodging index as an indicator to measure culm lodging resistance, in the twenty-fifth days after full heading, the lodging resistance of the first basal internode (N1), second basal internode (N2), third basal internode (N3), fourth basal internode (N4) and main physical characteristics were studied. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the lodging index, breaking resistance and main culm physical characteristics were studied.【Result】The culm lodging resistance of rice planted with different planting methods was significantly different. The lodging index of ATR was the lowest and culm lodging resistance was the best, while DSR was the highest and culm lodging resistance was the worst. The main reason for difference in the lodging index among different planting methods was the size of the breaking resistance. The breaking resistance of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th internode and plant height, gravity center height, culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry weight of culm, dry weight of leaf sheath, dry weight of unit internode, length and fresh weight from basal internode to top, bending moment hadsignificant or very significant positive correlation, while with the ratio of gravity center height to plant height and internodes length showed a significant or very significant negative correlation. Compared to MTR and DSR, the main reasons for the breaking resistance increased and lodging index reduced of basal internodes of ATR were: The increase of the plant height was due to the increased internodes numbers, the increased length of panicle and 1st and 2nd top internode. However, the length of the 2-3 internodes in the basal stem which was apt to lodge was shorter than that of MTR and DSR. The culm diameter and wall thickness of every basal internodes were obviously increased, and dry weight of culm and sheath were larger, and the dry weight of unit internode was significantly increased, so the stem plumpness status of ATR was better. 【Conclusion】The optimal combination of some main culm physical characteristics of rice was different under different planting methods. The direct reasons for breaking resistance increased and lodging index reduced of ATR were short and thick basal internodes, large wall thickness and good culm plumpness status.
Keywords:super rice  planting method  lodging resistance  lodging index  culm physical characteristics  
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