首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响
引用本文:李杰,张洪程,董洋阳,倪晓诚,杨波,龚金龙,常勇,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕.不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(13):2661-2672.
作者姓名:李杰  张洪程  董洋阳  倪晓诚  杨波  龚金龙  常勇  戴其根  霍中洋  许轲  魏海燕
作者单位:扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室
基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03); 超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项)
摘    要:   【目的】研究稻麦两熟制下,不同生态区栽培方式对不同类型品种水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响,为栽培方式及配套品种的科学选用与区划布局提供理论依据。【方法】以中熟晚粳、早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳4种类型品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料,采用手栽、机插和直播3种栽培方式,在苏南太湖稻区常熟(31.4°N)、苏中里下河稻区姜堰(32.3°N)与兴化(32.6°N)和苏北淮北稻区东海(34.5°N)3个不同生态区,比较研究不同栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响。【结果】不同栽培方式水稻产量差异极显著,手栽最高,直播最低;与手栽相比,机插和直播每667 m2分别减产20—50 kg和80—180 kg,且表现出随纬度升高,减产幅度加大的规律,苏南、苏中、苏北,分别减产20—30 kg和80—100 kg、30—40 kg和90—110 kg、40—50 kg和160—180 kg;同一地区,减产幅度晚熟品种大于早熟品种,常规稻大于杂交稻。机插和直播生育进程延迟,生育期缩短,机插缩短11—14 d,直播缩短25—30 d,并呈纬度越高缩短天数越多的趋势;各生育阶段均有缩短,播种至拔节缩短最多,占总缩短天数的60%以上;同一类型品种,随纬度升高,拔节、抽穗、成熟依次延迟,全生育期天数增多;同一地区,缩短天数晚熟品种比早熟品种多。机插和直播全生育期积温和光照时数极显著减少,尤其是直播对积温和光照时数的利用率在苏北只有81.8%和77.4%;不同地区,机插和直播对积温和光照时数的利用率因品种类型而异,苏南以早熟晚粳较高,苏中为迟熟中粳,苏北为中熟中粳。【结论】不同栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用有较大影响,据此按照江苏大面积水稻单产600 kg的目标,对不同栽培方式的适宜范围与配套的适宜品种类型做了初步区划,即手栽、机插在苏南、苏中、苏北都是适宜的,而直播在苏南适宜、苏中次适宜、苏北不适宜,并且各栽培方式在各地分别有其配套的适宜品种类型,以供大面积生产参考。

关 键 词:生态区  栽培方式  水稻  不同类型  产量  生育期  温光利用
收稿时间:2010-08-24;

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Yield,Growth Stage and Utilization of Temperature and Illumination of Rice in Different Ecological Regions
LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-cheng,DONG Yang-yang,NI Xiao-cheng,YANG Bo,GONG Jin-long,CHANG Yong,DAI Qi-gen,HUO Zhong-yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-yan.Effects of Cultivation Methods on Yield,Growth Stage and Utilization of Temperature and Illumination of Rice in Different Ecological Regions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(13):2661-2672.
Authors:LI Jie  ZHANG Hong-cheng  DONG Yang-yang  NI Xiao-cheng  YANG Bo  GONG Jin-long  CHANG Yong  DAI Qi-gen  HUO Zhong-yang  XU Ke  WEI Hai-yan
Institution:LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-cheng,DONG Yang-yang,NI Xiao-cheng,YANG Bo,GONG Jin-long,CHANG Yong,DAI Qi-gen,HUO Zhong-yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-yan(College of Agronomy,Yangzhou University/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)
Abstract:【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cultivation methods on yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of various types of rice in different ecological regions under the rice-wheat cropping systems. It will provide a theoretical basis for scientific use and division layout of cultivation methods and its supporting variety type.【Method】With medium-maturing late japonica rice, early-maturing late japonica rice, late-maturing medium japonica rice and medium-maturing medium japonica rice (including japonica conventional rice and japonica hybrid rice) as materials, using three cultivation methods of artificial transplanting (AT), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS), a comparative study of cultivation methods on yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of rice was conducted in the following three different ecological regions: Taihu rice district in Changshu (Sunan, 31.4°N), Lixiahe rice district in Jiangyan (Suzhong, 32.3°N) and Xinghua (Suzhong, 32.6°N) and Huaibei rice district in Donghai (Subei, 34.5°N). 【Result】Yield of rice with different cultivation methods was significantly different, and that of AT was the highest, while DS was the lowest. Compared with the AT, the yield of MT and DS reduced by 20-50 kg and 80-180 kg/667 m
2, respectively. And it demonstrated the law that the reducing extent was greater with latitude increasing. The yield of MT and DS reduced by 20-30 kg and 80-100 kg, 30-40 kg and 90-110 kg, 40-50 kg and 160-180 kg in Sunan, Suzhong and Subei, respectively. In the same region, the reducing extent of late-maturing varieties was greater than that of early-maturing varieties, and conventional rice greater than hybrid rice. The growth process of MT and DS delayed and growth stage shortened than that of AT. The shortening number of days of MT than that of AT was 11-14, and DS was 25-30, and it showed a trend of the higher the latitude the more the shortening number of days. Each growth duration would be shortened, and from sowing to jointing was the most which accounted for over 60% of the total shortening days. For the same type of varieties, the date of jointing, heading and maturity delayed, and the number of days of the growth stage increased with latitude increasing. In the same region, the shortening number of days of late-maturing varieties was more than that of early-maturing varieties. The accumulated temperature and illumination hours of MT and DS significantly reduced, and in particular, the utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature and illumination hours of DS was only 81.8% and 77.4% in Subei. The utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature and illumination hours was different because of variety types in different regions. The utilization efficiency of early-maturing late japonica rice was higher in Sunan, while that of late-maturing medium japonica rice and medium-maturing medium japonica rice in Suzhong and Subei, respectively. 【Conclusion】Cultivation methods had great effects on yield, growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of rice. According to the large area yield target of 600 kg/667 m2 in Jiangsu Province, a preliminary division for the suitable range and its supporting suitable variety types of different cultivation methods was made, in order to provide reference for the production of the large area. The preliminary division is that the AT and MT are all suitable in Sunan, Suzhong and Subei, but the DS is suitable in Sunan and sub-suitable in Suzhong while unsuitable in Subei. And each cultivation method has its supporting suitable variety types for different region, respectively.
Keywords:rice  ecological region  cultivation method  yield  growth stage  utilization of temperature and illumination  
本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号