黄土高原半干旱区集雨补灌生态农业研究进展

 黄土高原半干旱地区在中国旱作农业生产中占有重要地位。干旱缺水与水土流失并存是制约该区域经济发展的两大瓶颈因素。水保农业和径流农业两种旱作农业生产方式已趋于成熟,但对天然降水调控利用能力低下,难于实现农业生产的优质高产高效。集雨补灌生态农业是在继承水保农业和径流农业成功技术基础上,对降雨调控利用方式的进一步发展,它能在时间和空间两个方面实现降雨径流的富集叠加,能充分发挥环境资源与水肥光热因子的协同增效作用,大幅度提高农业生产力,实现同步缓解干旱缺水与水土流失双重目标。集雨补灌是黄土高原半干旱区农业可持续发展的一种综合模式和战略性措施,对黄土高原半干旱区生态型现代农业发展具有重要推动作用。

Advance in Research of Supplemental Irrigation of Collected Rain Water for Eco-Agriculture in Semi-Arid Loess Plateau of China

The semi-arid Loess Plateau is a central zone of Chinese rainfed farming. Drought and soil erosion are the two major obstacles to economic development in the semi-arid Loess Plateau. The conservation agriculture and runoff agriculture has been developed for several decades here. However, its regulative role in rain water was very limited, and the problems of agriculture production are still going on, such as severe seasonal drought and water shortage, low agriculture productivity, fragile ecological environment, low yield-invest ratio. Supplemental irrigation of collected rain water is an important form of rainfall regulation and utilization on the basis of sophisticated technologies and theories of conservation agriculture and runoff agriculture, which not only come to fulfillment rainfall collecting in spatial location like the conservation agriculture and runoff agriculture measure, but also come to true rainfall collecting in time distribution by principle of superposition. Agricultural productivity will be highly increased by using rain water collecting for supplemental irrigation. It not only brings about the integration of ecological reconstruction with economic development, but also provides a new approach to the sustainable development of agriculture and removing two biggest stumbling blocks, drought and soil erosion. It is suggested that this technology will become a strategic measure and comprehensive development model in semi-arid Loess Plateau of China.