江苏淮南地区70年代以来小麦品种产量及产量因素的演变

江苏淮南地区70年代以来，审定通过的8个小麦品种和2个品系在7个有代表性的试验点进行品比试验，研究15年来品种更换过程中产量和产量因素的表现和稳定性的变化。80年代中期推广的扬麦5号，产量水平约为286kg/亩，比70年代前期推广的品种提高12-15%。由于新品种的育成，平均每10年产量提高8-10%。1970-1985年间，产量的提高主要是保持了一定的亩穗数和着重增加了粒重。近期品种的产量稳定性显著好于老品种。结合产量因素的演变情况，提出了今后江苏淮南地区的产量育种目标。

EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE HUAINAN REGION, JIANGSU PROVINCE DURING 1970-1986

Ten cultivars of wheat grown in the Huainan region, Jiangsu Province during 1970-1986 were planted in a 3-replicated, randomized block layout at 7 sites in 1984 -1986 two crop seasons, and were evaluated for grain yield, yield components. This study reviewed the changes in yield, ears per unit area, grains per spike and 1000 grain weight of these cultivars to know how the wheat cultivars had been improved in Huainan region during about 15 year in various yield components.Yield of wheat cultivars in the Huainan region had risen about 10-15% over the last fifteen years. The mean yield and grain weight of current cultivars were greater. than those preceded ones, and they reduced grain per spike.The genetic correlation coefficients showed that grain weight was positively and highly correlated with grain yield, ears per unit area was slightly positively correlated with it. Results from this study suggested that further yield advances could be attained by combining number of ears per unit area and higher grain weight or by combining number of ears per unit area and greater number of grains per spike.Significant differences among these wheat cultivars in both adaptability and stability were found. Some cultivars were found to be high- yielding, stable and widely adapted. Newly developed cultivar, Yangmai 5 (Yangzhou wheat No. 3) adapted wider region than the older cultivars. Stability in grain yield appeared to be imparted by the buffering for yield components. Buffering for yield components and their various interactions appeared to have direct influence on yield stability.