不同水氮管理对棉花产量、品质及养分平衡的影响

 在南疆塔里木盆地的南缘和北缘两个试验点研究了不同水氮措施对棉花产量、品质和氮素平衡的影响。结果表明，基于氮素实时监控技术和土壤水分实时监测技术的优化水氮管理比常规水氮管理大幅度减少氮肥施用量，策勒点施氮量由常规的432 kg·ha-1减少到256 kg·ha-1，尉犁点施氮量由310 kg·ha-1减少到137 kg·ha-1，灌水量也由常规的660 mm减少到427 mm（策勒），600 mm减少到402 mm（尉犁）；优化水氮管理在减少水氮投入的同时获得了与常规水氮管理相同甚至更高的生物量、产量、纤维综合品质以及吸氮量；大幅度地提高了氮肥利用率和灌水利用率；显著减少了土壤Nmin残留和氮素表观损失。

Effect of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Strategies on Yield, Fiber Quality and Nitrogen Balance of High-Yield Cotton System

The effect of different water and nitrogen management strategies on cotton was studied at two sites(Cele and Yuli) at the edge of Tarim basin of south Xinjiang. The result showed that the optimized irrigation and fertilization strategy based on soil nitrate quick testing and soil moisture measurement can dramatically reduce N fertilizer application rate from 432 kg?ha-1 to 256 kg?ha-1 at Cele and 310 kg?ha-1 to 137 kg?ha-1 at Yuli site. Meanwhile, irrigation water can be decreased from 660 mm to 427 mm at Cele and 600 mm to 402 mm at Yuli. The cotton yield, cotton fiber quality and N uptake of the optimized management strategies were similar to the conventional one, but significantly higher than the no N fertilization treatment at both experimental sites. The optimized strategies can dramatically increase N recovery and water use efficiency, and significantly reduce soil residual Nmin and apparent N losses.