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60Co-γ辐射对观赏海棠组培苗的诱变效应
引用本文:刘丽强,刘军丽,张杰,耿慧,张玉萍,沈红香,高遐红,姚允聪.60Co-γ辐射对观赏海棠组培苗的诱变效应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(20):4255-4264.
作者姓名:刘丽强  刘军丽  张杰  耿慧  张玉萍  沈红香  高遐红  姚允聪
作者单位:(北京农学院植物科技学院)
基金项目:国家自然科学基金,北京市人才强教高层次人才计划项目
摘    要: 【目的】探讨60Co-γ辐射对观赏海棠组培苗的辐射诱变效应。【方法】以观赏海棠‘印第安魔力’(Malus crabapple‘Indian Magic’)组培苗为试材,采用7个剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理,观察比较不同辐射处理条件下组培苗的生根率、增殖率、死亡率及组培苗移栽后植株的生长状况、叶片形态及叶片微结构的变化。【结果】随着60Co-γ辐射剂量的增加,生根和继代组培苗的生根率、平均根长、苗高、增殖率均明显下降;辐射剂量大于30 Gy与小于30 Gy的处理间差异极显著。随着辐射剂量的增加,辐射后组培苗的死亡率显著上升,且半致死剂量为45.5 Gy(r=0.936)。小于半致死剂量的辐射处理后,组培苗在形态上出现明显矮化特征,叶片变小、变厚,新梢节间和根系变短、变粗,移栽苗顶端生长势减弱,叶色、叶缘、叶形变异明显。叶片超微结构观察结果表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,移栽苗叶片气孔器的长度、宽度、周长和面积较对照均有不同程度的增加,而气孔长宽比、气孔长度和周长、气孔宽度和面积下降,叶片厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度及栅海比也呈现不同程度的下降(30 Gy除外),推测这些结构特征变异与叶片表观特征的变异相适应。【结论】30 Gy 60Co-γ辐射处理后,组培苗可以维持正常生长,且诱导的变异性状明显,诱变效果稳定,是较为合适的辐射剂量。

关 键 词:观赏海棠  组培苗  60Co-γ辐射  诱变效应  超微结构
收稿时间:2010-03-17;

Mutagenic Effects on Tissue Culture Plants of Ornamental Crabapple Induced by 60 Co-γ Irradiation
LIU Li-qiang,LIU Jun-li,ZHANG Jie,GENG Hui,ZHANG Yu-ping,SHEN Hong-xiang,GAO Xia-hong,YAO Yun-cong.Mutagenic Effects on Tissue Culture Plants of Ornamental Crabapple Induced by 60 Co-γ Irradiation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(20):4255-4264.
Authors:LIU Li-qiang  LIU Jun-li  ZHANG Jie  GENG Hui  ZHANG Yu-ping  SHEN Hong-xiang  GAO Xia-hong  YAO Yun-cong
Institution:(Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture)
Abstract:【Objective】 This paper was aimed to discuss the mutagenic effects of the 60Co-γ irradiation treatment on tissue culture seedlings of ornamental crabapple. 【Method】 Seven 60Co-γ doses were selected to irradiate the tissue culture seedlings of crabapple ‘Indian Magic’ (Malus crabapple ‘Indian Magic’), and then the rooting rate, propagation ratio, death ratio of the tissue culture plants, and the variation of the growth status, leaf morphology and ultrastructure of transplanted seedlings were investigated. 【Result】 With the increment of the 60Co-γ irradiation dose, the rooting rate, average root length, seeding height, proliferation rate of the cultured plants in rooting and subculture medium were decreased significantly, in which there were significant differences in index between the treatments of <30 Gy and >30 Gy irradiation dose. As the irradiation dose were amplified, the death rate of the cultured plants rose significantly after irradiation, as a result of that, the median lethal dose(LD50) was defined as 45.5 Gy (r=0.936) by regression analysis. Under the condition of <LD50 irradiation treatments, the morphology of tissue culture plants appeared typical dwarfing characteristics, in which the leaves became smaller and thicker, the internodes of the shoot and root length became shorter and coarser, the apical growth vigor of the transplanted seedlings decreased, and the leaf color, margin, shape varied significantly compared with seedlings in control (CK). Through observation of the leaf ultrastructure, it was found that, with the increment of the irradiation dose, the length, width, perimeter and area of stoma apparatus in the leaves of transplanted seedlings increased, but the ratio of length/width, length, perimeter, width and area of the stoma decreased, and also the thickness of leaves, palisade tissue, spongy tissue as well as its ratio decreased (except 30 Gy). So it was inferred that the variation of the structure and apparent characteristics of leaves are adapted each other in tissue culture seedlings of ornamental crabapple with 60Co-γ irradiation treatments. 【Conclusion】 After radiation treatment at the dose of 30 Gy, the tissue culture seedlings can keep normal growth, and the variation properties appeare obviously, the mutagenic effects are stable. Thirty Gy is an appropriate irradiation dose.
Keywords:ornamental crabapple  tissue culture plants  60Co-γ irradiation  mutagenic effects  ultrastructure
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