1BL/1RS小麦的分子和细胞学鉴定及黏类CMS育性恢复区域分布的分析

【目的】揭示黏类小麦细胞质雄性不育系育性恢复基因的区域分布及恢复材料的1BL/1RS情况,为黏类细胞质雄性不育系优良恢复源筛选提供理论依据,以推动黏类小麦雄性不育"三系"强优势组合的选配能不断得到新的材料保障。【方法】以8个黏类不育系和国内外一批小麦品种(系)为试材,结合分子和细胞学技术,进行1BL/1RS易位系鉴定,并利用中国国内法对其育性恢复程度进行分类。【结果】在参试的256份材料中,初步鉴定约20%的小麦品种(系)属于1BL/1RS易位系;育性表现半不育、高可育和全可育的品种(系)分别有86.15%、91.67%和100%为非1BL/1RS易位系,表现全不育和高不育的品种(系)中均有40%左右属于1BL/1RS易位系;恢复能力在50%以上的品种(系)在中国春麦区、长江中下游冬麦区、西南冬麦区和华南冬麦区的比例依次为60%、65.85%、68.42%和71.43%。【结论】黏类不育系优良恢复源大都为非1BL/1RS易位系,主要集中在中国春麦区和南方冬麦区。

Molecular and Cytological Analyses of 1BL/1RS Wheat and Fertility-Restoring Locations for Male Sterile Lines with Aegilops Cytoplasm

【Objective】 The present study aims to explore potentially superior sources of fertility-restoration and possible distribution for 1BL/1RS male sterile lines of Aegilops cytoplasm and to provide a guarantee for practical application of “three lines system” of strong vigor in wheat hybrid breeding and production via identifying 1BL/1RS translocation and categorizing restoring degrees of fertility among a vast number of wheat varieties (lines) randomly selected world-widely including different ecological areas in China and Canada. 【Method】 Combining molecular and cytological techniques, the selected 256 wheat varieties (lines), as well as 8 male sterile lines, were tested for 1BL/1RS translocation, and the degrees of fertility-restoration were evaluated by Chinese domestic methods. 【Result】 Approximately 20 % of the tested 256 wheat varieties (lines) were characterized with 1BL/1RS translocation, and the non-1BL/1RS wheat varieties (lines) were grouped into semi-sterility (about 86.15%), high-fertility (91.67%) and compete-fertility (100%); and the 1BL/1RS wheat varieties (lines) were mainly grouped into high-sterility and complete sterility accounting for 40%, respectively. The potential sources of fertility-restoration for male sterile lines were Chinese spring wheat region (60%) and South winter wheat areas including the middle and low Yangtze valley winter wheat region (65.85%), Southwestern winter wheat region (68.42%) and South of China winter wheat region (71.43%).【Conclusion】 The results indicate a potential basis of non-1BL/1RS wheat varieties (lines) for superior restoration of fertility for 1BL/1RS male sterile lines of Aegilops cytoplasm in Chinese spring wheat region and South winter wheat areas.