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花生含油量杂种优势表现及主基因+多基因遗传效应分析
引用本文:陈四龙,李玉荣,程增书,廖伯寿,雷永,刘吉生.花生含油量杂种优势表现及主基因+多基因遗传效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(9):3048-3057.
作者姓名:陈四龙  李玉荣  程增书  廖伯寿  雷永  刘吉生
作者单位:1. 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种重点实验室,石家庄,050031;农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,武汉,430062
2. 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种重点实验室,石家庄,050031
3. 农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,武汉,430062
4. 石家庄3502农场,石家庄,050031
基金项目:农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室开放课题,河北省农林科学院青年基金,现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金,国家科技支撑计划 
摘    要: 【目的】了解是花生遗传改良主要目标含油量的杂种优势和遗传特点,指导花生育种实践。【方法】利用植物数量性状主基因与多基因混合遗传模型的P1、P2、F1、F2 4个世代联合分析方法,分析以花生野生种为高油基因源的4个组合后代群体含油量的遗传效应。【结果】4个组合均存在一定的杂种优势,中亲优势率分别为1.41%~9.42%。不同亲本组合含油量基因遗传特点差异明显。SW9721-3×特21和SW9721-12×濮花22号2个组合分离世代F2含油量次数分布均呈混合正态分布,符合主基因+多基因遗传特征。D-0模型是这2个组合含油量的最佳遗传模型,其含油量遗传受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,主基因遗传率为45.00%~47.51%,多基因遗传率为18.72%~22.75%。SW9721-23×95-3和SW9721-38×鲁花11号2个组合F2含油量次数分布均呈正态分布,符合多基因遗传特征,多基因遗传率为66.09%~66.51%。【结论】花生含油量杂种优势和超亲分离普遍存在;控制含油量性状的基因在效应上存在较大差异,有的出现主基因特性;加性基因在花生含油量遗传中起主要作用,通过高油单株定向选择育种可以实现含油量的有效改良。

关 键 词:  花生" target="_blank">face="Verdana">花生  含油量  杂种优势  主基因+多基因遗传模型  遗传效应
收稿时间:2008-11-28;

Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Oil Content in Peanut Using Mixed Model of Major Gene and Polygene
CHEN Si-long,LI Yu-rong,CHENG Zeng-shu,LIAO Bo-shou,LEI Yong,LIU Ji-sheng.Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Oil Content in Peanut Using Mixed Model of Major Gene and Polygene[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(9):3048-3057.
Authors:CHEN Si-long  LI Yu-rong  CHENG Zeng-shu  LIAO Bo-shou  LEI Yong  LIU Ji-sheng
Institution:(Institute of Food and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei Province)
Abstract:【Objective】 Oil content is an important quantitative trait of peanut. High oil content has became a major target of genetic improvement on peanut cultivar. Heterosis and genetic analysis of oil content will provide a very important guidance for breeding of high oil peanut cultivar. 【Method】 The method of joint segregation analysis of multiple generations with P1, P2, F1 and F2 of major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was used to analyze the inheritance of oil content in peanut cultivars. Four basic populations (P1, P2, F1 and F2) from four peanut crosses respectively were made for analysis of the genetic model. The female parent in each cross was progeny of distant hybridization with a high oil gene pool of peanut wild species. The male parents were peanut cultivars with low oil content. 【Result】 The results indicated that the heterosis of oil content was showed in F1 with significant different degree among four crosses, and the mid-parents heterosis were from 1.4% to 9.4% respectively. The differences of oil content genetic characteristcs among four crosses were obvious. The frequency distributions of oil content in F2 populations derived from two crosses SW9721-3×Te21 and SW9721-12×Puhua22 showed the characteristics of mixture normal distribution, which indicated that inheritance of oil content followed the major gene plus polygene model. Results showed that genetic model D-0 was the most fitted genetic model for the trait. In other words, oil content was controlled by one major gene with additive-dominant effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant-epistasis effects. The major gene heritabilities in F2 were 47.51% and 45.00%, respectively, and polygene heritabilities were 22.75% and 18.72%, respectively. The frequency distributions of oil content in F2 populations derived from SW9721-23×95-3 and SW9721-38×Luhua11 showed the characteristics of normal distribution, which indicated that inheritance of oil content followed the polygene model. Results showed that genetic model C-0 was the most fitted genetic model for the trait. In other words, oil content was controlled by polygenes with additive-dominant-epistasis effects. The polygene heritabilities in F2 were 66.51% and 66.09%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The heterosis and transgressive segregation of oil content commonly existed in hybrid progenies of peanut. The genetic effects of genes for oil content traits were significantly different in magintude, some with major gene character. Oil content in peanut was controlled by additive gene effects. And therefore, in high oil peanut breeding for cultivars improvement, some strains with high oil content may be selected through single directional selection.
Keywords:peanut (Arachis hypogaea L    oil content  heterosis  genetic model of major gene plus poly gene  genetic effects
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