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实地氮肥管理对寒地水稻干物质积累和产量的影响
引用本文:彭显龙,刘元英,罗盛国,范立春,宋添星,郭艳文.实地氮肥管理对寒地水稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(11):2286-2293.
作者姓名:彭显龙  刘元英  罗盛国  范立春  宋添星  郭艳文
作者单位:东北农业大学资源与环境学院
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;引进国际先进农业科技计划(948计划)
摘    要:【目的】以寒地5个粳稻品种为试验材料,研究实地氮肥管理的增产机理。【方法】2004和2005年,通过农民习惯施肥和实地氮肥管理的大田对比试验和不同SPAD阈值的小区试验,探讨实地氮肥管理对水稻群体质量、干物质积累规律和氮积累的影响。【结果】与农民习惯施肥相比,实地氮肥管理使氮肥总量平均减少了33.8%,水稻成穗率平均提高了12.3%(P<0.05),灌浆期水稻叶面积指数提高了14.1%~27.6% (P<0.05),抽穗期以后水稻干物质增加了4.3%~29.1%,抽穗后干物重与产量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),产量平均增加了9.8%;抽穗后氮积累量增加了11.8%~55.1% (P<0.05),氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率分别提高了38.5%~133.4%(P<0.05)和 39.78%~194.26%(P<0.05)。【结论】该技术通过改善水稻群体质量,增加抽穗后LAI,促进干物质和氮积累,增加水稻产量和氮肥利用率。

关 键 词:寒地  水稻  实地氮肥管理  产量  干物质  氮肥利用率
收稿时间:2006-2-11

Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice in Cold Areas of Northeastern China
PENG Xian-long,LIU Yuan-ying,LUO Sheng-guo,FAN Li-chun,SONG Tian-xing,GUO Yan-wen.Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice in Cold Areas of Northeastern China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(11):2286-2293.
Authors:PENG Xian-long  LIU Yuan-ying  LUO Sheng-guo  FAN Li-chun  SONG Tian-xing  GUO Yan-wen
Abstract:Experiments of two fertilization methods, site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) and farmer’s fertilization practice (FFP), were conducted to solve the problem of excessive N application on rice in cold area, and to study their effects on dry matter accumulation of rice, the chlorophyll meter values (SPAD values) in leaves, tiller number as well as yield. Experiment results showed that compared with FFP, SSNM significantly decreased the average N rate by 33.8%, increased dry matter weight after heading period by 4.3%~29.1%, and increased filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight by 0.1~12.5 percent point and 0.3~1.8g correspondingly, as well as increased average yield by 4.3% and 14.7%(P < 0.05) in 2004 and 2005 respectively. There were significantly positive correlations(P<0.01) between dry matter weight after heading period and yield, and accumulation rate of dry matter makes rice yield increase. The result suggested that SSNM is an outstanding achievement in N application in cold area of Northeastern China, and is a valid agriculture approach.
Keywords:Cold area  Rice  Site-specific nitrogen management  Yield  Dry matter  N use efficiency
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